Crystal Morphology, Biosynthesis, and Physical Assembly of Cellulose, Chitin, and Chitosan

Salmon, Sonja; Hudson, Samuel M.

doi:10.1080/15321799708018366

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Recent developments in both resins and high strength cellulosic fiber have been significant and has allowed the development of high strength advanced green composites with significantly better mechanical properties [157][158][159][160][161][162][163] . Many other properties such as physical and thermal properties as well as specific properties such as fire retardancy, vibration damping, impact strength, antimicrobial, gas barrier, water resistance, etc.…”

Section: Green Composites Based On Soy Protein Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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IntroductIonDevelopment of advanced polymer composite materials having superior mechanical properties opened up new horizons in the engineering field. Advantages such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, easy processability at relatively less energy requirement in tooling and assembly costs, higher stiffness and strength, fatigue resistance and lower weight than metals have made polymer composite widely acceptable in structural applications. The so-called advanced composites have replaced metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and low density giving them high specific strength and stiffness 1 . Such weight savings are highly desirable for applications in aerospace to transportation to reduce weight and associated fuel consumption. Another distinct advantage is their ability to be engineered to obtain required properties in different directions by appropriate fiber placing in different layers of the laminated structure.Composite properties depend on the properties of the constituent materials i.e. the fibers and resins used. The strength and stiffness of the composites are directly a function of the reinforcing fiber properties which carry most of the load and their volume content. The resin helps to maintain the relative position of the fibers within the composite and, more importantly, transfers the load from the bottom fibers to the intact fibers. As a result, fiber/resin interfacial properties are also important and have a significant effect on composite properties including toughness and transverse fracture stress. To fabricate high strength composites, all three factors namely fiber properties, resin properties as well as fiber/resin interface characteristics are critical.Currently most of the fibers and resins are derived from petroleum feed stocks and do not degrade for several decades under normal environmental conditions 2 . Composites made from thermosetting resins cannot be reprocessed or recycled, however, a small fraction of these thermosetting composites are crushed into powder used as filler or incinerated to obtain energy in the form of heat, most of them end up in land-fills at the end of their life. In anaerobic conditions, such as those in land -fills, the petroleum based composites may not degrade making that land unavailable for any other use. On the other hand, incineration produces toxic gases and requires expensive scrubbers. Both incineration and dumping in land-fills are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. In the future, these methods of disposing of composites are expected to get even more expensive as the pollution laws all over the world get stricter and the number of land -fills decline. In addition, at the present rate of consumption, the world petroleum resources are estimated to last for the next 50 years or so 2 . Thus, there is a great interest generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly and annually renewable fibers and resins, particularly those derived from plants 3 . A variet...

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Section: Green Composites Based On Soy Protein Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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“…Chitin, for which specific structural features are source dependent, is the main structural component of most fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods and is found in both terrestrial and marine habitats (56). This polysaccharide serves as a carbon and energy source for a wide variety of organisms, and enzymes comprising various chitinolytic systems have been isolated and studied (2,10,21,23,27,28,34,38,39,51,53,61,62,70,72,73).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus on Chitin Involves Two Family 18 Chitinases

Gao

Bauer

Shockley

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The genes encoding ChiA, without its signal peptide, and ChiB were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. ChiA exhibited no detectable activity toward chitooligomers smaller than chitotetraose, indicating that the enzyme is an endochitinase. Kinetic studies showed that ChiB followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics toward chitotriose, although substrate inhibition was observed for larger chitooligomers. Hydrolysis patterns on chitooligosaccharides indicated that ChiB is a chitobiosidase, processively cleaving off chitobiose from the nonreducing end of chitin or other chitooligomers. Synergistic activity was noted for the two chitinases on colloidal chitin, indicating that these two enzymes work together to recruit chitin-based substrates for P. furiosus growth. This was supported by the observed growth on chitin as the sole carbohydrate source in sulfur-free media.

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“…또한 바이오메디컬 재료로서 키 토산은 생체적합성, 생분해성, 항균성, 상처치료능력, 항암 효과와 같은 특징이 있으며, 키토산의 결정화구조가 전기 방사된 나노섬유의 기계적 내구성을 형성하는데 도움을 주 어 키토산을 기초로 하여 전기방사된 나노섬유는 조직을 만드는데 유용하여 최근에는 다양한 공학적 응용에 대해 연구되어 왔다 [4][5][6][7]. 뿐만 아니라, 키토산은 화학잔기 단위 당 전하와 극성기 밀도가 크기 때문에 비교적 높은 수분율 과 함수율을 가지며 분자구조 내에 수소결합을 일으킬 수 있는 다량의 수산기와 아민기를 동시에 가지고 있으므로 비교적 타 고분자와의 상용성도 큰 것으로 알려져 있다 [8]. 키토산의 전기방사는 지속적으로 연구되어 왔으나, 강한 분자간 인력 때문에 부드럽고 일정하게 전기방사된 순수한 키토산의 나노섬유의 제조가 어려워 최근에는 PVA나 폴리 에틸렌옥사이드와 같은 고분자를 블랜드하여 전기방사하 는데 중점을 두고 있다 [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers Containing Silver Zeolite

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim

2013

Textile Science and Engineering

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Non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The nanofibers were prepared with the following weight composition ratios:100:0 (PVA homopolymer), 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. To improve their antibacterial activity, the nanofibers were prepared with silver zeolite nanoparticles. The properties of the nanofibers at various blend ratios were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, moisture regain (%), and antibacterial activity. The prepared chitosan/PVA nanofibers containing silver zeolite nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity and excellent moisture absorption ability.

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Crystal Morphology, Biosynthesis, and Physical Assembly of Cellulose, Chitin, and Chitosan

Cited by 52 publications

References 158 publications

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Growth of Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus on Chitin Involves Two Family 18 Chitinases

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers Containing Silver Zeolite

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