Crystal Oscillator Design

Abstract

Crystal oscillators are commonly used as reference frequency standards for synthesis of the harmonic signal required for their operation in synthesizer and timing devices. The phase noise of these reference frequency standards limits the noise floor and electromagnetic interference susceptibility that affects the dynamic range, selectivity, and sensitivity of a receiver. This contribution is devoted to design guidelines for selecting the low‐phase‐noise topology of crystal oscillator circuits for the applications in modern communication systems. Numerous practical examples are demonstrated and validated with computer‐assisted design (CAD) simulation and measured results, which allows for the realization of high‐performance stable reference frequency standards.