“…Many tartrate compounds are formed by the reaction of tartaric acid with compounds containing positive ions (two monovalent cations or one divalent cation) (Boese & Heinemann, 1993;Buschmann & Luger, 1985;Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2016a;Fukami et al, 2016c;Hawthorne, Borys, & Ferguson, 1982;Labutina, Marychev, Portnov, Somov, & Chuprunov, 2011;Silgo, Platas, Pérez, López, & Torres, 1999;Weil, 2015). These compounds are used in numerous industrial applications, for example, as transducers and in linear and non-linear mechanical devices because of their excellent dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and nonlinear optical properties (Firdous et al, 2010;Kader et al, 1991;Torres et al, 2002).…”