Crystallization and optical properties of Nd3+ doped ferroelectric glass-ceramics in the barium sodium niobosilicate system

Formation of Ba2NaNb5O15 Crystal and Crystallization Kinetics in BaO–Na2O–Nb2O5–SiO2–B2O3 Glass

“…In spite of useful ferroelectricity and optical properties, a limitation exists in applying BNN crystals, caused by twinning defects and a lack of high quality crystallinity during the synthesizing process. It is naturally required to broaden the sample preparation method and the types of samples for the further development of BNN applications. , Crystallization of glass is one of the ways to produce various types of samples such as glass, glass-ceramics, ceramics, and nanocrystals, which can reveal different kinds of physical characteristics. From the scientific point of view, understanding the crystallization process from a glass is important and useful because it enables us to control the production specifications of crystal size, crystallinity, crystal structure, and crystal volume fraction in the glass. − …”