Crystallization of PZT in Porous Alumina Membrane Channels

Abstract

Composite Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT)/alumina nanostructures are fabricated using 2-dimensional porous alumina as a template. Details of pores filling as well as of crystallization are studied by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of a ferroelectric phase is confirmed by optical second harmonic generation experiments.

Assessment of the Different Type of Materials Used for Removing Phosphorus from Wastewater

“…Table 1 lists the specific surface area of each adsorbent used in this study. The specific surface area values determined experimentally correspond with the data in the literature [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

“…The literature describes different studies on zeolite and magnetite nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxides adsorbent capacity to remove pollutants from wastewater (heavy metals, compounds with nitrogen, dyes, organic compounds) [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ].…”

Template-based electrophoretic deposition of perovskite PZT nanotubes

“…The halo in the former is indicative of its amorphous nature, and the latter shows the crystallinity of the PZT tube in a perovskite-type structure. Similar results have been reported by others [15,16].…”

“…Although direct filling of the template channels by the sol has proved successful in the case of simple oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and ZnO [12][13][14], the same cannot be said about complex oxides like Pb(Zr x Ti 1−x )O 3 [4,15]. In the case of direct filling, capillary action, alone, is the driving force responsible for wetting the pore walls.…”

“…The material thus obtained would be amorphous and should be annealed to crystallize. On heating the amorphous PZT in the AA templates, the material first transforms to a metastable fluorite (or pyrochlore) type structure at intermediate temperatures (e.g., 350-500 • C), which on further heating up to 700 • C, may crystallize as a ferroelectric perovskite structure [15][16][17]. The annealing can be carried out in an oxygen-rich atmosphere or air.…”