“…OA and, more generally, particle-mediated growth of single crystals, has now been widely observed in semiconductors, ,,, metals, ,, silicates, , oxides, ,,,,,− carbonates, , fluorides, organic compounds, peptides, and proteins . Many styles of particle-mediated growth that result in single crystal products have been observed since the first report of OA, including: (1) attachment with crystallographic coalignment prior to coalescence, ,, (2) attachment with some degree of misalignment, followed by relaxation through atomistic processes into a coaligned state, , (3) attachment of metastable particles of a nanoscopic phase onto crystals of the bulk phase, followed by transformation, ,,, and (4) a special class of no. 3 in which the nanoscopic phase is amorphous. ,, …”