Crystallographic Study of the Tempering of Martensitic Carbon Steel by Electron Microscopy and Diffraction

Nagakura, Sigemaro; Hirotsu, Yoshihiko; Kusunoki, Michiko; Suzuki, Toshiaki; Nakamura, Yoshio

doi:10.1007/bf02659851

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The hardness, tensile stress and total elongation of the present steels are plotted against the tempering temperature in Figs. 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Dislocation Density in Martensitic Steels Evaluated by Some X-ray Diffraction Methods

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Dislocation Density in Martensitic Steels Evaluated by Some X-ray Diffraction Methods

et al. 2010

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“…Stage 1 of tempering consists of segregation of carbon atoms to these lower energy sites and pre-precipitation clustering in the iron matrix [4,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Study of Phase Transformations during Non-Isothermal Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures

Talebi

Ghasemi-Nanesa

Jahazi

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:Phase transformations during non-isothermal tempering of bainitic or martensitic microstructures obtained after quenching of a medium-carbon low-alloy steel was studied. The microstructures correspond to different locations of an as-quenched large-sized forged ingot used as a die material in the automotive industry. High-resolution dilatometry experiments were conducted to simulate the heat treatment process, as well as to investigate different phenomena occurring during non-isothermal tempering. The microstructures were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Dilatometry analyses demonstrated that tempering behavior varied significantly from bainitic to martensitic microstructures. Retained austenite, which exists between bainitic ferrite sheaves, decomposes to lower bainite causing a remarkable volume increase. It was found that this decomposition finishes below 386 • C. By contrast, martensite tempering was accompanied with a volume decrease due to the decomposition of medium-carbon martensite to low carbon martensite and carbides.

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“…As observed by means of XRD, the process of ageing at a higher temperature reduces the fraction of solid solution carbon in ferrite (∼0.08 wt.% in LC, and ∼0.75 wt.% in HC). Such reductions in carbon content could be attributed to carbide formation, which has been experimentally observed by Nagakura et al [27], where transitional carbides have been observed on ageing above 97 • C, and due to possible partitioning of carbon to the retained austenite, given that after quenching, the γ R volume fraction was found to be 0.05 and 0.15 for LC and HC, respectively.…”

Section: Hr-xrd On Aged and Aged And Tempered Lc And Hcmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In the literature of martensite ageing, it is often seen that upon tempering of the modulated structures, these structures disappear and carbide precipitation occurs, e.g. [27]. When the composition is x 0 , the overall free energy reduction would be given by (3)→(4).…”

Section: Hr-xrd On Aged and Aged And Tempered Lc And Hcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic aspects of carbon redistribution during ageing and tempering of Fe–Ni–C alloys

Kim

Sietsma

Santofimia

2016

Philosophical Magazine

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Carbon redistribution is known to occur during martensite ageing. The two associated processes most discussed in the literature are spinodal decomposition and carbon segregation to defects. In order to elucidate the topic, the ageing and tempering of two Fe-Ni-C alloys have been characterised by means of atom probe tomography and synchrotron radiation diffraction. Upon ageing at room temperature, carbon redistribution is clearly observed, where the process of carbon segregation to defects appears to be most likely to occur. Nevertheless, the possibility of spinodal decomposition is not entirely discarded, and the current work presents a series of discussion points that challenge our current understanding of the thermodynamic of ferrite in steels. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Crystallographic Study of the Tempering of Martensitic Carbon Steel by Electron Microscopy and Diffraction

Cited by 89 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of the Dislocation Density in Martensitic Steels Evaluated by Some X-ray Diffraction Methods

Comparison of the Dislocation Density in Martensitic Steels Evaluated by Some X-ray Diffraction Methods

In Situ Study of Phase Transformations during Non-Isothermal Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures

Thermodynamic aspects of carbon redistribution during ageing and tempering of Fe–Ni–C alloys

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