CSF cyclic nucleotides and somatostatin in Parkinson's disease

Volicer, Ladislav; Beal, M. Flint; Direnfeld, Lorne; Marquis, Judith K.; Albert, Martin L.

doi:10.1212/wnl.36.1.89

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Positive correlations between SLI and AChE may be attributed to co-localization of somatostatin and acetylcholine in cortical structures (Delfs et al, 1984;Nakamura et al, 1985;Reinikainen et al, 1987). A similar relationship between SLI and AChE in the CSF had been previously observed by some authors Volicer et al, 1986;Reinikainen et al, 1987). ACTH and DBH expressed a moderate negative correlation with each other, which may be due to a possible modulating role of the noradrenergic system on the ACTH release (Damluji and Rees, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Hartikainen

Soininen

Reinikainen

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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We have investigated neurotransmitter-related markers of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a carefully screened series of normally aging subjects in standardized conditions in order to find out the influence of age and other confounding factors on CSF measures. The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG) and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also increased with age, while homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) and immunoreactivities of somatostatin (SLI), beta-endorphin (BLI) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were unrelated to age. The gender of subjects had no significant effect on the levels of neurotransmitter markers, while seasonal changes, as well as height and weight of the subjects seemed to cause some variations in the levels of HVA, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and ACTH. The study underscores the importance of standardized conditions and matched patient groups in the CSF studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Hartikainen

Soininen

Reinikainen

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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“…Belmaker et al (1978) reported a 40–50% decrease of CSF cAMP and an 80–90% decrease of CSF cGMP levels in PD patients who were not related with levodopa therapy. Decreased CSF cAMP levels in PD have also been reported in another study (Volicer et al, 1986), while others found this value to be normal (Cramer et al, 1973, 1984; Covicković-Sternić et al, 1987; Oeckl et al, 2012), both in PD patients with and without dementia (Oeckl et al, 2012). Four further studies described normal CSF cGMP levels (Volicer et al, 1986; Covicković-Sternić et al, 1987; Ikeda et al, 1995; Oeckl et al, 2012), while another found a non-significant trend toward higher CSF cGMP levels in PD patients when compared with controls and higher levels in levodopa-treated PD patients compared with those without levodopa treatment (Navarro et al, 1998).…”

Section: Neurotransmitters Neuromodulators and Related Substancesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical studies in patients with Parkinson's disease: toward a potential search for biomarkers for this disease

Jiménez‐Jiménez¹,

Alonso‐Navarro

García‐Martín

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The blood-brain barrier supplies brain tissues with nutrients and filters certain compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream. In several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), there are disruptions of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been widely investigated in PD and in other parkinsonian syndromes with the aim of establishing useful biomarkers for an accurate differential diagnosis among these syndromes. This review article summarizes the studies reported on CSF levels of many potential biomarkers of PD. The most consistent findings are: (a) the possible role of CSF urate on the progression of the disease; (b) the possible relations of CSF total tau and phosphotau protein with the progression of PD and with the preservation of cognitive function in PD patients; (c) the possible value of CSF beta-amyloid 1-42 as a useful marker of further cognitive decline in PD patients, and (d) the potential usefulness of CSF neurofilament (NFL) protein levels in the differential diagnosis between PD and other parkinsonian syndromes. Future multicentric, longitudinal, prospective studies with long-term follow-up and neuropathological confirmation would be useful in establishing appropriate biomarkers for PD.

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“…With regard to the use of cAMP as a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease, and AD in particular, different studies were conducted with contradictory findings. For PD, some groups found a decrease in cAMP levels [55, 56] and others showed no statistically significant difference [57, 58]. Oeckl et al [57] reported a significant decrease of cAMP levels in the CSF of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients compared with controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced cGMP levels in CSF of AD patients correlate with severity of dementia and current depression

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting memory. That disorder is thought to be a consequence of neuronal network disturbances and synapse loss. Decline in cognitive function is associated with a high burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) such as depression. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) are essential second messengers that play a crucial role in memory processing as well as synaptic plasticity and are potential therapeutic targets. Biomarkers that are able to monitor potential treatment effects and that reflect the underlying pathology are of crucial interest.MethodsIn this study, we measured cGMP and cAMP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cohort of 133 subjects including 68 AD patients and 65 control subjects. To address the association with disease progression we correlated cognitive status with cyclic nucleotide levels. Because a high burden of NPSs is associated with decrease in cognitive function, we performed an exhaustive evaluation of AD-relevant marker combinations in a depressive subgroup.ResultsWe show that cGMP, but not cAMP, levels in the CSF of AD patients are significantly reduced compared with the control group. Reduced cGMP levels in AD patients correlate with memory impairment based on Mini-Mental State Examination score (r = 0.17, p = 0.048) and tau as a marker of neurodegeneration (r = –0.28, p = 0.001). Moreover, we were able to show that AD patients suffering from current depression show reduced cGMP levels (p = 0.07) and exhibit a higher degree of cognitive impairment than non-depressed AD patients.ConclusionThese results provide further evidence for an involvement of cGMP in AD pathogenesis and accompanying co-morbidities, and may contribute to elucidating synaptic plasticity alterations during disease progression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0245-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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CSF cyclic nucleotides and somatostatin in Parkinson's disease

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical studies in patients with Parkinson's disease: toward a potential search for biomarkers for this disease

Reduced cGMP levels in CSF of AD patients correlate with severity of dementia and current depression

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