CSF hypocretin level in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome

Preliminary results on CSF biomarkers for hypothalamic dysfunction in Kleine–Levin syndrome

“…CSF hypocretin-1 might be temporarily decreased during KLS hypersomnia episodes, in line with findings [5][6][7]. CSF HA and t-MHA measurements in and out of episode revealed a two-fold inepisode decrease in HA in the more severe patient, with no significant change for the second patient, nor for t-MHA levels.…”

“…Hypocretin and histamine neurons in the lateral and posterior hypothalamus play critical roles in wakefulness maintenance, feeding behavior, and neuroendocrine and autonomic function [4]. A few CSF hypocretin-1 measurements in and out of KLS episodes have been reported in the literature [5][6][7]. We report on measurements of three CSF hypothalamic biomarkers: hypocretin-1, histamine (HA), and its major metabolite tele-methylhistamine (t-MHA) in two patients with typical KLS during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods.…”

Kleine–Levin Syndrome

“…Although it is generally considered that CSF concentrations of hypocretin-1 are most frequently in the normal range, a recent study, in a large population of 42 Chinese KLS patients, has shown that CSF hypocretin-1 levels were lower in KLS patients during episodes, as compared with controls, and in KLS patients during episodes as compared with KLS patients during remissions [55].…”