CT and MR imaging of orbital inflammation

Ferreira, Teresa; Saraiva, Paulo; Genders, Stijn W.; Buchem, Ma. Van; Luyten, Gregorius P M; Beenakker, Jan-Willem M.

doi:10.1007/s00234-018-2103-4

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Finally, in UM treated with proton-beam therapy, ADC variations precede volume changes and early change in ADC value 1 month after therapy significantly correlated with tumor regression [5]. Although generally EPI techniques are used for DWI, the TSE technique is preferable for the orbit as it is less susceptible for the present magnetic field inhomogeneities [27]. Our images showed that this non-EPI technique results in good SNR, good contrast and almost no distortion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In DCE-MRI the qualitative evaluation of the TIC pattern seems to be a complementary investigation in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. In the study from Yuan et al [24], a persistent TIC pattern (type I curve) suggests a benign lesion, a wash-out TIC pattern (type III curve) mostly suggests malignancy, and a plateau TIC pattern (type II curve) occurs both in benign and malignant lesions [24,27]. Additionally, PWI seems to give prognostic information, in the study from Kamrava et al, with a significant correlation between the k trans and percent of monossomy 3 > 33% [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI of Uveal Melanoma

Ferreira

Fonk

Jaarsma-Coes

et al. 2019

Cancers

101

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Uveal Melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor. The high soft tissue contrast and spatial resolution, and the possibility of generating 3D volumetric and functional images, make Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a valuable diagnostic imaging technique in UM. Current clinical MRI protocols, however, are not optimized for UM and therefore lack the quality for accurate assessments. We therefore developed a dedicated protocol at a 3 Tesla MRI, using an eye coil, consisting of multi-slice 2D sequences, different isotropic sequences and diffusion and perfusion-weighted images. This protocol was prospectively evaluated in 9 uveal melanoma patients. The multi-slice 2D sequences had the highest in-plane resolution, being the most suited for lesion characterization and local extension evaluation. The isotropic 3D Turbo-Spin Echo (TSE) sequences were the most suitable for accurate geometric measurements of the tumor and are therefore important for therapy planning. Diffusion and perfusion-weighted images aid in differentiating benign from malignant lesions and provide quantitative measures on tumor hemodynamics and cellularity, which have been reported to be effective in predicting and assessing treatment outcome. Overall, this dedicated MRI protocol provides high-quality imaging of UM, which can be used to improve its diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of Uveal Melanoma

Ferreira

Fonk

Jaarsma-Coes

et al. 2019

Cancers

101

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“…LGs are small glands located near the orbit but are frequently neglected during the evaluation of orbital diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT scan are the two most used imaging methods for the evaluation of LG anatomy [11,12]. Determination of LG dimensions is very important because LG sizes are increased in many malignant and benign pathologic conditions [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Lacrimal Gland Dimensions in the Adult Pakistani Population

Nawaz¹,

Lal²,

Butt³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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To estimate the normal dimensions of lacrimal glands (LGs) in the Pakistani population using computed tomography (CT) scan and to determine the associations of LG dimensions with age, sex, and laterality. Methods The study population included subjects aged ≥16 years without orbital pathology who underwent CT evaluation of both the right and left LGs at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital from June 2018 to November 2019. The mean axial length (AL), axial width (AW), coronal length (CL), and coronal width (CW) of each LG were measured separately. Results The 108 subjects enrolled in this study included 75 (69.4%) men and 33 (30.6%) women, with a mean age of 49±20 years. Right and left LG dimensions were similar, including mean AL (13.53±1.80 mm vs. 13.35±1.72 mm), mean AW (4.20±0.81 mm vs. 4.05±0.93 mm), mean CL (15.46±1.97 mm vs. 15.26±1.87 mm), and mean CW (3.99±0.80 mm vs. 3.86±0.81 mm). The AL of both LGs and the CL and CW of right but not left LGs were significantly lower in women than in men. Age showed significant correlations with the AL and CL of both LGs. Conclusion These findings establish the normal range of LG dimensions in adult Pakistani populations. Some LG dimensions are smaller in women than in men, as well as correlating with age.

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“…Visualization of orbital lesions is still based on pre-surgery image assessment of two-dimensional (2D) data visualization on a computer monitor or on intraoperative exploration 12 , 13 . There are increasing possibilities for presentation and interaction with virtual reality 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

Maloca

Faludi

Żelechowski

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Clinical science and medical imaging technology are traditionally displayed in two dimensions (2D) on a computer monitor. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) expands the realm of 2D image visualization, enabling an immersive VR experience with unhindered spatial interaction by the user. Thus far, analysis of data extracted from VR applications was mainly qualitative. In this study, we enhance VR and provide evidence for quantitative VR research by validating digital VR display of computed tomography (CT) data of the orbit. Volumetric CT data were transferred and rendered into a VR environment. Subsequently, seven graders performed repeated and blinded diameter measurements. the intergrader variability of the measurements in VR was much lower compared to measurements in the physical world and measurements were reasonably consistent with their corresponding elements in the real context. The overall VR measurements were 5.49% higher. As such, this study attests the ability of VR to provide similar quantitative data alongside the added benefit of VR interfaces. VR entails a lot of potential for the future research in ophthalmology and beyond in any scientific field that uses three-dimensional data. Orbital tumors can either be primary, arising from structures within the orbit, or secondary, due to metastatic spread of a primary tumor elsewhere 1-3. A myriad of clinical findings suggest the presence of an orbital mass, namely proptosis, diplopia, pain, conjunctival congestion and varying degrees of visual loss 4,5. Diagnosis relies on adequate clinical examination and orbital imaging like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) 6. Despite the great progress in medical imaging, the diagnosis of orbital lesions based on neuroimaging features may lack characteristic imaging features. Often, the diagnosis of specific orbital disorders such as Graves' disease associated orbitopathy, orbital inflammation, orbital lymphoma, lacrimal gland epithelial tumor, metastatic carcinoma, and vascular orbital lesions is ambiguous 7-10. Confirmation of the diagnosis frequently relies on a biopsy which can be technically challenging and prone to complications due to the dense arrangement of tissue or inaccessibility of many of these lesions 11. Visualization of orbital lesions is still based on pre-surgery image assessment of two-dimensional (2D) data visualization on a computer monitor or on intraoperative exploration 12,13. There are increasing possibilities for presentation and interaction with virtual reality 14. In this context, virtual reality (VR) has recently been optimized as an enhanced medical image display method and showed to safeguard visual comfort 15,16. The main objective of this study was to extend current medical image display and validate the level of spatial precision in orbitometry of CT data, representing the physical world, compared to precision in three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality for the first time. This is especially important when new ways are explored to use ...

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CT and MR imaging of orbital inflammation

Cited by 73 publications

References 49 publications

MRI of Uveal Melanoma

MRI of Uveal Melanoma

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Lacrimal Gland Dimensions in the Adult Pakistani Population

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

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