CT Scan and Neuropsychological Relationships in Aging and Dementia

Albert, Marilyn; Stafford, Juliene L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2211-5_2

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…More recently, Moscovitch proposed that the frontal lobes are involved in the control and executive aspects of memory, whereas other functions are situated elsewhere; for example, the encoding of explicit information involves the hippocampus and temporal lobes (Moscovitch & Winocur, 1992). Consistent with this view is that techniques involving neural imaging have shown age-related deterioration in these structures to be associ-' ated with various cognitive deficits (Albert & Stafford, 1986;Stafford, Albert, Nreja, Sandor, & Garvey, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop.

Fisk¹,

Warr²

1996

Psychology and Aging

147

110

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In a study (N = 61) comparing older (age range = 60-80 years, M = 67) and younger (age range = 20-33 years, M = 25) people, age deficits were observed in working memory, perceptual speed, and central executive functioning but not in phonological loop functioning. Controlling for age differences in central executive performance removed over 50% of the age-related variance in working memory span. However, controlling for perceptual speed removed all of the age-related variance in working memory span. In addition, age differences in central executive functioning were largely eliminated after controlling for age deficits in perceptual speed. These findings suggest that age differences in central executive functioning are primarily attributable to a general slowdown in the rate at which information is activated within the working memory system and that no specific deficits in the central executive occur as a consequence of aging. 316This document

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop.

Fisk¹,

Warr²

1996

Psychology and Aging

147

110

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“…For example, aged nonhuman primates are severely impaired in a spatial-delayed response task (Bartus et al 1978;Rapp and Amaral 1989) that is dependent on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function (Goldman and Rosvold 1970;Bachevalier and Mishkin 1986). In addition, aged humans and nonhuman primates display difficulties in modifying behavior appropriately in response to changing environmental contingencies, a phenomenon called perseveration (Albert and Stafford 1986;Voytko 1993;Lai et al 1995). Perseveration is characteristic of damage to orbital frontal areas (Jones and Mishkin 1972;Bechara et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged Rats Are Impaired on an Attentional Set-Shifting Task Sensitive to Medial Frontal Cortex Damage in Young Rats

Barense¹,

Fox²,

Baxter³

2002

Learn. Mem.

179

152

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Normal aging is associated with disruption of neural systems that subserve different aspects of cognitive function, particularly in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Abnormalities in hippocampal function have been well investigated in rodent models of aging, but studies of frontal cortex function in aged rodents are few. We tested young (4-5 mo old) and aged (27-28 mo old) male Long-Evans rats on an attentional set-shifting task modified slightly from previous publication. After training on two problems in which the reward was consistently associated with the same stimulus dimension, and a reversal of one problem, a new problem was presented in which the reward was consistently associated with the previously irrelevant stimulus dimension (extradimensional shift [EDS]). Aged rats as a group were significantly impaired on the EDS, although some individual aged rats performed as well as young rats on this phase. In addition, some aged rats were impaired on the reversal, although a group effect did not reach significance in this phase. Impairment in neither reversal nor EDS was associated with impairments in spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Young rats with neurotoxic lesions of medial frontal cortex are also selectively impaired on the EDS. These results indicate that normal aging in rats is associated with impaired medial frontal cortex function. Furthermore, age-related declines in frontal cortex function are independent of those in hippocampal function. These results provide a possible basis for correlating age-related changes in neurobiological markers in frontal cortex with cognitive decline.

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“…Au niveau macroanatomique, on observe a prime abord une reduction du poids cerebral et du volume cerebral (Albert, Duffy & Naeser, 1987;Albert & Stafford, 1986;Schludermann, Menyman & Brown, 1983). La localisation des degenerescences par comptes de neurones a ete repertoriee par plusieurs chercheurs.…”

Section: Aspects Macroanatomiques Du Vieillissement Cerebralunclassified

“…Cette hypothese differentielle n'a jamais ete verifiee systematiquement toutefois, sauf de fac,on incomplete dans une recherche realisee par Albert et ses collegues (Albert, Duffy & Naeser, 1987). Par ailleurs, les investigations d'Albert et ses collegues les ont menes a souligner la tres grande importance selon eux, du fait que les declins neuropsychologiques sont souvent non-lineaires (Albert, Duffy & Naeser, 1987;Albert & Stafford, 1986;Duffy, Albert, McNaulty & Garvey, 1984). Malheureusement, ces chercheurs se sont contentes de presenter des graphiques sans expliquer la fagon par laquelle la "courbe de regression" avait ete determinee, et sans presenter de test de non-linearitee Cette observation evoque revolution aussi nettement curvilineaire (acceleration croissante) du compte de fibrilles neurotangulaires et de plaques seniles chez la personne senescente.…”

Section: Modeles Theoriques Contemporains En Neuropsychologie Du Vieiunclassified

“…Les recherches de Kaplan et Albert et leurs collaborateurs ont demontre a plusieurs reprises l'existence d'un profil selectif et saillant de declin de certaines fonctions executives. En particulier, ce sont les fonctions de resistance a la perseveration, fluidite mentale, pensee abstraite, non-segmentation, et sequentialisation visuo-motrice qui ont manifeste le plus de declin (Albert, Duffy & Naeser, 1987;Albert & Kaplan, 1980;Albert & Stafford, 1986;Hochanadel & Kaplan, 1984;Veroff, 1980;Veroff, Kaplan, Albert, Wolf, Rosen, Dawber, Kannel & McNamara, 1979). Deux autres investigations realisees par des equipes independantes conc,ues specifiquement pour tester l'hypothese du profil de declin selectif des fonctions executives ont confirme radicalement l'hypothese (Mittenberg, Seidenberg, O'Leary & DiGiulio, 1989;Whelihan & Lesher, 1985).…”

Section: Etat Actuel Des Connaissances Sur Le Declin Des Fonctions Exunclassified

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Les déclins des fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée: Une perspective neuropsychologique

Braun

Lalonde

1990

Can. J. Aging

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RÉSUMÉIl y a présentement une controverse scientifique sur l'existence de profile de déclins cognitifs à la sénescence qui soient indépendents de facteurs sociaux, de santé, de génération et d'artéfacts psychométriques. Ce texte est une recension critique de la littérature pertinente. Il débouche sur la conclusion que la neurologie et la neuropsychologie offrent une perspective suggérant fortement qu'il existe de tels profils de déclin. De plus, il est montré que le modèle présentement dominant en neuropsychologie de la sénescence postule l'existence de profils de déclin dans les sphères des fonctions exécutives et mnémoniques et que ces profils résultent directement d'atteintes aux systèmes frontaux et temporaux du télencéphale.

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CT Scan and Neuropsychological Relationships in Aging and Dementia

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop.

Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop.

Aged Rats Are Impaired on an Attentional Set-Shifting Task Sensitive to Medial Frontal Cortex Damage in Young Rats

Les déclins des fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée: Une perspective neuropsychologique

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