Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film growth optimization and post rapid thermal annealing of solar cells and its influence on device performance

Zhang, Liyuan; Karthikeyan, Sreejith; Sibakoti, Mandip J.; Campbell, Stephen A.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2015.7355771

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…The substrate may have controlled movement for uniform film deposition (Figure 4). The deposition of CZT(S/Se) films by evaporation can be achieved through two different approaches: single-step deposition [30,31], where all the precursors are simultaneously deposited and then followed by sulfurization, and sequential two-step deposition using different metallic or binary precursors, in different combinations and sequences, such as Cu/Sn/Zn/Cu, Cu/Sn/Cu/Zn [32], Cu-ZnS-Sn [33] or CuSn/Zn/Se/CuSn/Se [34], followed by annealing with a sulfur or selenium source.…”

Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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Kesterite-based copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin films have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for sustainable and cost-effective thin-film solar cells. However, the successful integration of these materials into photovoltaic devices is hindered by the coexistence of secondary phases, which can significantly affect device performance and stability. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and challenges in controlling secondary phases in kesterite CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Drawing from relevant studies, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies and techniques employed to mitigate the formation of secondary phases. These include a range of deposition methods, such as electrodeposition, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, and sputtering, each presenting distinct benefits in enhancing phase purity. This study highlights the importance of employing various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, for the precise identification of secondary phases in CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Furthermore, the review discusses innovative strategies and techniques aimed at mitigating the occurrence of secondary phases, including process optimization, compositional tuning, and post-deposition treatments. These approaches offer promising avenues for enhancing the purity and performance of kesterite-based thin-film solar cells. Challenges and open questions in this field are addressed, and potential future research directions are proposed. By comprehensively analyzing recent advancements, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of secondary phase-related issues in kesterite CZT(S/Se) thin films, paving the way for enhanced performance and commercial viability of thin-film solar cell technologies.

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Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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Effect of stacking sequence on the structural ordering and phase formation in the sequentially deposited copper zinc tin sulfide thin films

Choudhari

Raviprakash

George

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary In this work, we have synthesized the copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films using a two‐step process, that is, sequential evaporation and sulfurization. Copper (Cu), zinc sulfide (ZnS) and tin (Sn) were used as precursors and their stack sequence was varied to deeply investigate the impact of stack orders on the Cu/Zn disorder and phase. Each stack variation was subjected to sulfurization at 520°C, 550°C and 580°C. CZTS thin films with soda‐lime glass (SLG)/ZnS/Sn/Cu stack order exhibited kesterite structure and all the samples exhibited tetragonal crystal structure with preferred CZTS orientations. Order parameter Q obtained from Raman analysis showed significant variation with the change in stack order, which describes the Cu/Zn disorder in the system, implying its substantial dependence on the stacking sequence. The stack order SLG/ZnS/Sn/Cu had near stoichiometric composition while other sequences had Zn in excess and were Cu deficient. Morphological analysis showed a visible bifurcation of surface modification and growth due to stack order variation. Atomic force microscopy studies suggested that stack order and sulfurization temperature can be used as a tuning factor to vary the surface roughness. An optical band gap of 1.54 eV was obtained for stack order SLG/ZnS/Sn/Cu subjected to sulfurization temperature at 580°C. Broad asymmetric peak shape was obtained from photoluminescence (PL) measurement and analysis showed the shift of PL maxima toward lower energy, suggesting the increase in antisite disorder.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film growth optimization and post rapid thermal annealing of solar cells and its influence on device performance

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Effect of stacking sequence on the structural ordering and phase formation in the sequentially deposited copper zinc tin sulfide thin films

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