Cuidar de dependentes de substâncias psicoativas: percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem

Abstract

666 RESUMO ABSTRACTThis was a qualitative exploratory study aiming to better understand the perceptions of student nurses regarding care of the chemically dependent. Semistructured interviews were conducted between 2007 and 2009 with 17 nursing students from a public university in the city of São Paulo who were training in specialized services for abusers of alcohol and drugs. The content analysis technique was used, and the discourse evaluation revealed that care for the chemically dependent was considered interesting but difficult and exhausting. A positive outcome noted by the students was that the discussion of theory and experience enabled them to change their perceptions of the issue from a moral model base to a more technical, scientific and ethical one. It was concluded that this teaching strategy can contribute to changing the perceptions of nurses toward these patients. DESCRIPTORSDrug users Substance-related disorders Educa on, nursing Students, nursing Health knowledge, a tudes, prac ce RESUMEN Estudio exploratorio de abordaje cualita vo obje vando conocer las percepciones de estudiantes de enfermería frente al cuidado del dependiente químico. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas con 17 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública de la ciudad de São Paulo, que desarrollaron una pasan a en servicios especializados en abuso de alcohol y drogas, entre 2007 y 2009. Se u lizó la técnica de análisis de contenido; la evaluación de los testimonios permitió demostrar que el cuidado del dependiente químico fue considerado como interesante, aunque di cil y desgastante. Como puntos posi vos, los estudiantes señalaron la discusión sobre la teoría y la experiencia, lo que posibilitó la transformación de las concepciones vinculadas a un modelo moral para otras, pautadas sobre modelos técnicos, cien fi cos y é cos. Se concluyó en que dicha estrategia de enseñanza puede contribuir al cambio de las percepciones de los enfermeros frente a tales pacientes. DESCRIPTORES Consumidores de drogasTrastornos relacionados con sustancias Educación en enfermería Estudiantes de enfermería Conocimientos, ac tudes y prác ca en salud

Ambiguidade do cuidado na vivência do consumidor de drogas

“…Studies available in the national (12)(13)(14) and international literature (15)(16) usually converge to confirm the thesis that drug use is a practice responsible for the occurrence of different physical, psychological and socioeconomic losses, which has reinforced the notion that using drugs favors only unreflective care. However, the perspective of intersubjectivity shows the perception of the drug use as an act that engenders several care profiles, that is, the person's relationship with the drug corresponds to an ambiguous experience, which may involve both reflected and unreflective care.…”

“…As the drug consumption becomes a conscious experience, a way of meeting the needs arising from physical, psychic and socio-economic impairments that modify the person's routine (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) , it can be seen as a reflected care (personal), as shown in the description: When the user becomes interested, it gets easier. When they recognize that they are users, that they need help, you have to talk, you have to dialogue, then it becomes easier (Yellow).…”

Percepção de estudantes da educação básica sobre drogas: um olhar à luz de Merleau-Ponty

“…Consequently, preventive programs that are merely limited to transmitting information are considered to be of no value and criticized by the majority of adolescents because they do not contemplate human aspects in their entirety (15) . In addition, as students prefer to get acquainted with the subject of drugs with their friends, parents, teachers, and practitioners, the more informed people are, the better the chances of releasing coherent and relevant content (16) . It is important to highlight that listening to the testimonies from people who have already engaged in drugs in a harmful way -highlighting the fact that they have been able to resume their lives without commitment, due to the relationship they have established with the substance, was pointed out as a protective element by the students.…”

“…Nevertheless, the tradition of propagating that drug use "cause harm" -in the relationship that the user establishes with the drug and the very context in which it occurs, often in social events, in environments of interaction with friends -provides a positive experience of openness to new relationships, strengthening bonds of friendship, and even building new social networks. Thus, talking about drug use is not just talking about a biological issue, it is talking about an integral individual, for whom drugs have a specific representation (16) . Moreover, the phenomenon of dependence is not intrinsic to chemistry per se, but it also involves, in a very interwoven way, the psychological and social contexts that constantly mobilize an infinity of possibilities to those who use drugs.…”

Rotarian’s perception on substances alcohol consumption Percepção de rotarianos sobre o consumo de substâncias alcoólicas

“…Other factors such as family problems, expectations about the effects of the substance, ineffective communication and the desire to know the effects of drinks due to the environment and the social context are also highlighted. [5][6][7] However, alcohol consumption can have detrimental effects on the consumer, being responsible for a variety of physical and behavioral problems. These effects have been described as causing 4% of morbidities, ranking first in health risk in developing countries and third in developed countries.…”