Cultivation Practices, Adaptability and Phytochemical Composition of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.): A Weed with Economic Value

Abstract

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial weed that is cultivated for bioethanol production or pharmaceutical purposes, as its aerial parts and tubers contain several chemical compounds. This review summarizes important data on the effects of the main cultivation practices (e.g., the planting density and pattern, weed management, fertilization, irrigation, genotypes and harvest) on tuber yield and quality. The most widespread method for the propagation of the Jerusalem artichoke is planting the tubers directly in the field, with a plant density of about 33,000–47,000 plants ha−1. Weed management is based on herbicide application, mechanical cultivation and hand hoeing, while the nutrient requirements are low, and irrigation relies on weather conditions. For instance, under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, the crops are irrigated from June to September. In addition, the harvest time depends on the genotype and the purpose of cultivation, which is an important consideration for obtaining a high-quality product. In conclusion, Jerusalem artichoke yield and quality depend on several factors, and this plant, due to its high productivity, constitutes a promising crop with numerous uses.

Spatial Assessment of Jerusalem Artichoke’s Potential as an Energy Crop in the Marginal Land of the Shaanxi Province, China

“…Following the methodology used in the literature [25][26][27][28][29][30], climate data for daily rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, evaporation, and solar radiation during the period 1998-2020 were used to replace consecutive absent values. Long-term monthly average minimum air temperature ranged from −12.5 to 22.0 • C, and the monthly average maximum air temperature was between −1.45 to 31.6 • C. The average annual rainfall varied from 368 to 945 mm for Yulin and Ankang, respectively.…”

“…The drained upper limit (DUL) and the lower limit (LL) were estimated based on soil texture (the content of clay, sand, and powder) and BD data from HWSD, using the soil water express model (http://apsimdev.apsim.info/swe/default.aspx (accessed on 5 December 2021)), officially provided by APSIM. The airdry parameter was estimated as 0.50 × LL in the 0-0.15-m soil layer and 0.90 × LL in the 0.15-0.30-m soil layer, and is equal to LL at depths >0.30 m [26,30]. Furthermore, the water extraction coefficient (KL, mm/day) was set at 0.06 mm fo each soil layer [26].…”

“…The airdry parameter was estimated as 0.50 × LL in the 0-0.15-m soil layer and 0.90 × LL in the 0.15-0.30-m soil layer, and is equal to LL at depths >0.30 m [26,30]. Furthermore, the water extraction coefficient (KL, mm/day) was set at 0.06 mm fo each soil layer [26]. For each soil type, the pH value was measured in the ratio of one par of the soil to five parts of water solution.…”

“…For each soil type, the pH value was measured in the ratio of one par of the soil to five parts of water solution. The root exploration factor (XF, 0-1.00) was se to 1 for up to 1 m depth and then decreased exponentially to 0.60 at the maximum soi depth [26]. The maximum rooting depth was established according to maximum soi Furthermore, the water extraction coefficient (KL, mm/day) was set at 0.06 mm for each soil layer [26].…”

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Macronutrient Concentrations in Three Cultivars of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

“…In the EU Member States, JA is a source of biomass for renewable energy production and alternative biofuel feedstock [6]. Jerusalem artichoke has numerous applications in feed and food production.…”