Cultural landscape devastation as a consequence of poor Sustainable Urban Development practice Case study: Kostanjica, Boka Bay, Montenegro

Abstract

Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor, Boka Bay, Montenegro, is well known for its exceptional beauty, evaluated by UNESCO. The unique universal value has been embodied in the cultural landscape: vernacular architecture harmonized with the cultivated terraced landscape on the slopes of high, rocky mountains. Kostanjica is an old settlement in Boka Bay, former fishermen village, recognized for valuable elements of the cultural landscape: chestnut tree and laurel forest, terraced gardens with arable land, fruit gardens, traditional architecture in stone: clusters of houses, piers and docks, pedestrian pathways, pavements, retaining walls, well integrated in the autochthone Mediterranean vegetation. Since Montenegro has pronounced itself Ecological state in 1991, environmental protection has become the highest priority in all Sustainable Development agendas and policies. Furthermore, preservation of regional peculiarity and fostering distinctive identity of a place, is one of the crucial sustainable development goals. The paper aimed to seek for ways of overcoming profoundly harmful building practices, thus leading to the more efficient and sustainable urban development. .

Symbiotic and Regenerative Sustainability Frameworks: Moving Towards Circular City Implementation

“…There is general consensus that efficiently and synergistically closing resource cycles is vital to achieving sustainable urban futures (Hodson et al, 2012;Ranhagen and Groth, 2012;Lenhart et al, 2015;Dzene et al, 2016;Kujundzic and Vuckovic, 2019). Industrial ecology perspectives assert that the potential for symbiotic exchanges which are economically and environmentally advantageous is large, and that implementing circular transition requires identifying and supporting these types of synergies (Chertow, 2007).…”

Social Hybrid Architecture for Water Regeneration in Rural Settlements: A Case Study in the Historic Landscape of La Vega del Guadalfeo, Spain

“…The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century began the hybridization between the rural and the urban world as a consequence of the development of transport and telecommunications (Choay, 1994). New urban models and activities that are ecologically distant from the locality (Antrop, 2004) are implanted in the rural world (Kujundzic & Vuckovic, 2019): A generalized low-density urbanization and a loss of weight of the traditional historical nuclei named as diffuse city (Precedo Ledo, 2004), edge city (Teaford, 2020), ruralbanization (Ruiz Rivera & Delgado Campos, 2008) or suburbanization. At the international level, this urban phenomenon has had different degrees of intensity: maximum in the sprawl of the American continent, contained in Europe and reduced in Africa (Mokunfayo & Babatunde, 2018).…”

Anti-Evolution of the Phenomenon of Construction-Its Relation to the Environment

“…Montenegro also ratified the European Landscape Convention in 2008, when it set out to implement the convention at a national level, recognizing the importance of protecting, managing and planning landscapes at national and interstate levels. (Kujundzic and Stamatovic Vuckovic, 2019) The We can see Montenegro's tendency to establish effective, adapted and focused legislation on the issues of integral protection and connection of architectural heritage with spatial planning, which will avoid secular access to cultural heritage and utter commercialization of cultural heritage, while simultaneously giving life to cultural and natural resources. The protection of the cultural landscape and its integration for tourism purposes is a challenge for both citizens and competent national authorities.…”