Curcumin nanoparticles are a promising anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent for treating periprosthetic joint infections

Abstract

BackgroundPeriprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) have a high incidence of recurrence after total joint replacement and are difficult to treat by debridement or antibiotic treatment. Curcumin is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The low bioactivity of curcumin in water restricts its clinical application. Curcumin nanoparticles (CURN) were developed to overcome this limitation.MethodsIn this study, the therapeutic effects of CURN and their anti-inflammatory functions were investigated in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-induced PJIs model.ResultsCURN first attenuated the biofilm-induced expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and then regulated M1- and M2-phenotypic MDSC expression. Down-regulation of cytokines and reactive oxygen species was considered as the mechanism of CURN in reversing the suppression of T cell proliferation. The recovery of bone permeative destruction demonstrated that CURN enhanced therapeutic potency of vancomycin in vivo.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that CURN may be useful for treating PJIs.

Diflunisal‐loaded poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles decrease S. aureus‐mediated bone destruction during osteomyelitis

“…For such compounds without parenteral compatibility, nanoparticle delivery systems offer a parenteral delivery vehicle for pharmaceuticals to target sites. Although nanoparticle accumulation has not been extensively studied in the context of osteomyelitis, effective treatment of bone infection with systemically administered nanoparticles has been reported 23,26 . Delivery of antimicrobial compounds using locally administered nanoparticles has also been investigated both in vitro 14,38 and in vivo, 39–41 but systemic delivery of nanoparticles capable of carrying hydrophobic drugs is under‐investigated in osteomyelitis.…”

“…Although nanoparticle accumulation has not been extensively studied in the context of osteomyelitis, effective treatment of bone infection with systemically administered nanoparticles has been reported. 23,26 Delivery of antimicrobial compounds using locally administered nanoparticles has also been investigated both in vitro 14,38 and in vivo, [39][40][41] Compared to free-drug administration via intravenous or oral delivery routes, synthetic nanoparticles offer the potential to accumulate and release loaded compounds at target sites. [14][15][16][17][18] As described by the EPR effect, both tumors and inflammation result in enhanced vascular permeability allowing for extravasation of nanoparticles.…”

“…Furthermore, PPS‐based biomaterials break down in the presence of high levels of ROS, 20–22 providing a potential mechanism for targeted drug release at inflamed sites. However, few studies have investigated systemically (e.g., intravenously) delivered nanoparticles in the context of osteomyelitis 23–26 …”

“…However, few studies have investigated systemically (e.g., intravenously) delivered nanoparticles in the context of osteomyelitis. [23][24][25][26] The objectives of this study were to understand the biodistribution of PPS nanoparticles during osteomyelitis and evaluate the efficacy of diflunisal-loaded nanoparticles in limiting S. aureusinduced bone loss. We hypothesized that PPS nanoparticles would accumulate at infectious foci during osteomyelitis and that diflunisalloaded PPS nanoparticles would limit S. aureus-mediated cortical bone destruction.…”

Evidence of Polyphenols Efficacy against Dry Eye Disease

“…Curcumin is one of the most studied polyphenols in the turmeric spice. Curcumin exhibits a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, chemosensitizing, epatoprotective, lipid-modifying, and neuroprotective effects [ 138 , 139 , 140 ]. Curcumin and its derivatives may potentially ameliorate the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases [ 141 ], but further clinical studies are needed.…”