Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blends

Sreeja, T. D.; Kutty, S. K. N.

doi:10.1081/ppt-100100043

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Whereas the EB is believed to be improved due to plasticization effects offered by the processing oil present in GTR/RTR [66,67]. where the crack growth is resisted or delayed respectively; resulting in stabilized or improved tear strength of blends containing GTR/RTR [62,[65][66][67]. This phenomenon could be clearly observed from Figure 10D.…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Many researchers observed reduction in scorch time with addition of GTR or RTR [42, 62-64, 66, 68-75]. This phenomenon is linked to presence of crosslink precursors and unreacted curatives in GTR/RTR or presence of active crosslinking sites in GTR/RTR which accelerate the crosslinking reaction upon heating [42,62,64,66,70,71]. Migration of crosslink precursors such as accelerator from GTR/RTR to the virgin rubber matrix leads to decrease in scorch time [42,69].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…RTR has more mobility compared to GTR, hence showing only slight increment in minimum torque [42]. Additionally, RTR also contains about 10 to 15% processing oil which could facilitate the reduction of the minimum torque [62,65]. Presence of filler such as carbon black in GTR/RTR also contributes to the increase in the minimum torque [66].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…GTR/RTR contains cross-linked gel which acts as stress concentrating point due to inability of the gel to be dispersed as continuous matrix in the virgin rubber. Increasing the GTR/RTR content increases the gel content in the matrix, resulting in lower TS and EB [62,63,70,71,73,77,78]. Figure 10A shows the morphological changes in NR-BR blends with increasing RTR content.…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Minimum torque is a measure of stock viscosity [62]. Increase in the minimum torque in GTR/rubber blend is substantially higher compared to RTR/rubber blend [42,63].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Ramarad

Khalid

Ratnam

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

428

253

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Please cite this article as: Ramarad, S., Khalid, M., Ratnam, C.T., Luqman Chuah, A., Rashmi, W., Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future, Progress in Materials Science (2015), doi: http://dx. AbstractThis review addresses the progress in waste tire recycling with a particular attention to incorporation of waste tire rubber (WTR) into polymeric matrices. Methods of waste tire downsizing, importance of WTR characterization and current practice of WTR modification has been emphasized. Detailed discussion on influence of WTR size, loading, modification, compatibilization and crosslinking on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of rubber, thermoplastic and thermoplastic elastomer blends utilizing WTR has been reported.By far, thermoplastic elastomer blends; though still in its infancy; has shown the most promising properties balance which is capable of commercialization. Rubber/WTR blends 2 also show ease of processing and acceptable properties. Thermoplastic/WTR blends suffers in term of toughness and elongation at break. However, the waste thermoplastic/WTR is a viable solution to address polymeric waste problem. Review also highlights the lack of studies concentrating on dynamic mechanical, aging, thermal and swelling properties of WTR polymeric blends.

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Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Minimum torque is a measure of stock viscosity [62]. Increase in the minimum torque in GTR/rubber blend is substantially higher compared to RTR/rubber blend [42,63].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Ramarad

Khalid

Ratnam

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

428

253

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Rheology, cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of tire tread reclaimed rubber/natural rubber compounds

Sombatsompop

Kumnuantip

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work aimed to examine the effect of addition of tire-tread reclaimed rubber on the properties of two natural rubber (NR) compounds with respect to the reclaimed rubber concentration and mastication time, the properties of interest including rheological and cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties. The results under the test conditions suggested that Mooney Plasticity and shear viscosity increased with reclaimed rubber content, but decreased with mastication time. The greater the molar mass of the natural rubber the higher the sensitivity to the change in compound viscosity due to mastication and reclaimed rubber content. The die swell was more dependent on the reclaimed rubber than the molar mass of the rubbers. The cure rate and scorch time were found to increase and decrease with reclaimed rubber content, respectively, whereas the cure time was independent of the reclaimed rubber content. For vulcanized rubbers, it was also observed that 100% modulus of the rubber increased with reclaimed rubber content, but this was not the case for tensile stress and elongation at break. The hardness and heat buildup properties of the vulcanizates increased with reclaimed rubber content whereas the tear strength became independent of the reclaimed rubber. The findings in this work suggested that the variations in the rheological and cure characteristics for the unvulcanized rubber were very much dependent on the molar mass of the rubber whereas the mechanical properties for the vulcanized rubber were influenced by crosslink density.

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Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of NR/carbon black/reclaimed rubber blends vulcanized by conventional thermal and microwave irradiation methods

Sombatsompop

Kumnuantip

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work experimentally monitored the physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber/carbon black/reclaimed rubber blends vulcanized by microwave (MW) irradiation and conventional thermal (CT) systems, and the curing mechanisms are addressed in conjunction with the vulcanizate properties. The microwave oven for rubber blend vulcanization was specially designed and constructed in this work. The results suggested that the tensile modulus and the hardness of the vulcanizates could be enhanced by increasing the reclaimed rubber (RR) content, whereas the tensile stress, elongation at break, and tear strength decreased with the RR loading. The mechanical properties of the vulcanizates from the CT method were higher than those from the MW method. The vulcanizates from the MW method had higher resistance to toluene penetration than those from the CT method. The differences in the properties of the vulcanizates from the CT and MW methods became smaller at higher RR contents. The sensitivity in property changes of the vulcanizates due to addition of the RR content was greater for the CT method than for the MW method. The differences in the results between these two curing systems could be explained in terms of the density and the types of crosslinks present in the vulcanizates.

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Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blends

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Rheology, cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of tire tread reclaimed rubber/natural rubber compounds

Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of NR/carbon black/reclaimed rubber blends vulcanized by conventional thermal and microwave irradiation methods

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