Currency as a potential environmental vehicle for transmitting parasites among food-related workers in Alexandria, Egypt

Hassan, Azza; Farouk, Hanan Mohamed; Hassanein, Faika; Abdul‐Ghani, Rashad

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.05.001

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium does not multiply in bivalves, but they can be an effective transmission vehicle for Cryptosporidium oocysts, especially within 24–72 h of contamination, with viable oocysts present in bivalves up to 7 days post infection [210]. Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts were identified from 34.3% and 2.0% of coins and 28.2% and 1.9% of bank notes (respectively) used by food-related workers in Alexandria, Egypt [211]. As coins and banknotes are some of the objects most handled and exchanged by people, this raises the potential of parasite transmission even between countries.…”

Section: Waterborne and Foodborne Cryptosporidiosis And Giardiasis Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

2017

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important causes of diarrhoeal illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites in Africa. Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea and increased mortality in African countries and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in African countries. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic and spill-back transmission cycles that requires further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinated commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of disease caused by these parasites.

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Section: Waterborne and Foodborne Cryptosporidiosis And Giardiasis Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

2017

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“…In previous studies, different types of bacteria in different currency notes were detected, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and, to best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to report the detection of A. radioresistens in Sudanese banknotes. Therefore, strategies and measures necessary to protect the currency handlers such as washable plastic currency and other preventive measures might be required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Contamination of Sudanese Banknotes with Acinetobacter radioresistens

2021

TJNPR

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Although, A. radioresistens is regarded as commensal, it has been associated with both topical and systemic infections including bacteremia and life threatening diseases. [5][6][7] Moreover, A. radioresistens has been reported to be associated with patients who did not respond to antimicrobial therapy resulting in death. 8 A. radioresistens has been implicated with rapid development of antimicrobial resistance, possibly due to the fact that it is harboring genome or plasmid encoded blaOXA-23 oxacillinase gene, with ability of horizontal gene transfer to nearby bacteria. The ability of A. radioresistens to quickly exchange information, mainly by conjugation or transformation, combined with surviving desiccation and harsh environment conditions for longtime has attracted the clinicians attention. [9][10][11] The infections caused by this genus are difficult to be controlled due to rapid mutations, various virulence factors, and rapid development of antibiotic resistance to various antimicrobial agents. 12 The shortage of reports regarding information related to the identification of A. radioresistens, occurrence and virulence factors in developing countries like Sudan, as well as developed countries, might increase the fear of perceived misdiagnosis and treatment errors. 8,10,13 The shortage of control strategies appeared in several hospitalized cases associated with multiple drug resistant bacterial strains, identified later as carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strain, poses a significant challenge to healthcare providers. 11,[14][15][16] The traditional methods of microbial identification might not be suitable for accurate identification of A. radioresistens. Nonetheless, genotypic method such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the matrix-

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“…La transmisión de los microorganismos puede deberse a diversos elementos que contribuyen al ingreso de los mismos al hombre y a los alimentos. Ellos son: Los reservorios o sustratos a partir de los cuales se aíslan con regularidad y en donde suelen sobrevivir durante periodos largos (Campdepadrós, Stchigel, Romeu, Quilez, & Solá, 2012); los fómites, objetos o materiales inertes que circunstancial y temporalmente están contaminados, como los trapos de limpieza (Hassan, Farouk, Hassanein & Abdul-Ghani, 2011); y vectores u organismos que pueden traspasar de manera interna o externa, un microorganismo capaz de causar una enfermedad, como por ejemplo, las moscas y las cucarachas (Oyeyemi, Agbaje & Okelue, 2016). Sin embargo, en la actualidad, el cambio climático ha propiciado modificaciones en el modo de transmisión de algunos patógenos, evidencias reportadas en investigaciones muestran el impacto en el incremento de casos de salmonelosis y campilobacteriosis en Europa, Canadá y Australia (Tirado, Clarke, Jaykus, McQuatters-Gollop & Frank, 2010).…”

Section: Resultados Formas Mecanismos Y Fuentes De Contaminación Microbianaunclassified