Current advancements in the management of spinal cord injury: A comprehensive review of literature

Shah, Manan; Peterson, Catherine; Yılmaz, Emre; Halalmeh, Dia R.; Moisi, Marc

doi:10.25259/sni_568_2019

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a grievous neurological disease caused by traumatic and nontraumatic injuries, which leads to different degrees of sensorimotor injury and sphincter dysfunction. The incidence of SCI reaches 0.015‰ to 0.04% and the cases exceed 1 million in North America 1 – 3 . In addition, in Japan, the proportion of SCI in trauma patients is increasing annually 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Stem cell transplantation has been applied to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) in clinical trials for many years. However, the clinical efficacies of stem cell transplantation in SCI have been quite diverse. The purpose of our study was to systematically investigate the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in patients with SCI. The PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases were searched until October 27, 2020. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 and R. Nine studies ( n = 328) were included, and the overall risk of bias was moderate. The ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grading improvement rate was analyzed in favor of stem cell transplantation group [odds ratio (OR) = 6.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.16–11.62, P < 0.00001]. Urodynamic indices also showed improvement in bladder function. In subgroup analyses, the results indicated that in patients with complete (AIS A) SCI, with the application of cell numbers between n*(107–108), two cell types (i.e., bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclears), and treatment time of more than 6 months, stem cell transplantation was more beneficial for sensorimotor function ( P < 0.05 for all groups). The risk of fever incidence in the stem cell transplantation group was 4.22 (95% CI: 1.7–10.22, P = 0.001), and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested it was more related to transplanted cell numbers. Thus, stem cell transplantation can promote functional recovery in SCI patients. Moreover, the type and quantity of transplanted stem cells and treatment time are important factors affecting the therapeutic effect of stem cell transplantation in SCI. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects and elucidate the mechanisms of these factors on stem cell therapy in SCI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in Japan, the proportion of SCI in trauma patients is increasing annually 4 . Meanwhile, the healthcare cost is extremely high and can reach as much as $7 billion a year 1 . Studies have also shown that the incidence of SCI increases with age, peaking at 46 and 60 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Minocycline is a second‐generation semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic with a broad spectrum and bacteriostatic features [137], which is also frequently used in clinical trials for the treatment of acne. Moreover, it may have significant neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects in different models of brain injury and SCI [24,138–141]. Previous experimental and clinical studies ( Tables 2 and 3 ) have demonstrated that minocycline can improve injured cord histopathological status, functional recovery, and sensory complications after SCI [33,138,142–148].…”

Section: Antibiotics With Therapeutic Effects In Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics with therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury: a review

Afshari

Roudsari

Lashgari

et al. 2020

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Accumulating evidence indicates that a considerable number of antibiotics exert anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in different central and peripheral nervous system diseases including spinal cord injury (SCI). Both clinical and preclinical studies on SCI have found therapeutic effects of antibiotics from different families on SCI. These include macrolides, minocycline, β‐lactams, and dapsone, all of which have been found to improve SCI sequels and complications. These antibiotics may target similar signaling pathways such as reducing inflammatory microglial activity, promoting autophagy, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and modulating the SCI‐related mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review paper, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of these antibiotics on SCI, which not only could supply vital information for investigators but also guide clinicians to consider administering these antibiotics as part of a multimodal therapeutic approach for management of SCI and its complications.

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“…Relevant causes of neuronal lesions also include direct injuries to the nervous system due to physical traumas. Traumatic damages to the central nervous system (CNS), both at the brain and spinal cord, often cause irreversible effects and current treatment strategies do not offer safe results [5][6][7]. Unlike neurons of the CNS, the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have the ability to grow back after traumatic injury [8,9] with high reparative and regenerative activity [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin and Neuronal Regeneration after Traumatic Injury of Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Luvisetto

2020

Toxins

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are toxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, the causing agent for botulism, in different serotypes, seven of which (A–G) are well characterized, while others, such as H or FA, are still debated. BoNTs exert their action by blocking SNARE (soluble N-ethylmale-imide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors) complex formation and vesicle release from the neuronal terminal through the specific cleavage of SNARE proteins. The action of BoNTs at the neuromuscular junction has been extensively investigated and knowledge gained in this field has set the foundation for the use of these toxins in a variety of human pathologies characterized by excessive muscle contractions. In parallel, BoNTs became a cosmetic drug due to its power to ward off facial wrinkles following the activity of the mimic muscles. Successively, BoNTs became therapeutic agents that have proven to be successful in the treatment of different neurological disorders, with new indications emerging or being approved each year. In particular, BoNT/A became the treatment of excellence not only for muscle hyperactivity conditions, such as dystonia and spasticity, but also to reduce pain in a series of painful states, such as neuropathic pain, lumbar and myofascial pain, and to treat various dysfunctions of the urinary bladder. This review summarizes recent experimental findings on the potential efficacy of BoNTs in favoring nerve regeneration after traumatic injury in the peripheral nervous system, such as the injury of peripheral nerves, like sciatic nerve, and in the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury.

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Current advancements in the management of spinal cord injury: A comprehensive review of literature

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Antibiotics with therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury: a review

Botulinum Toxin and Neuronal Regeneration after Traumatic Injury of Central and Peripheral Nervous System

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