Current Advances in Alternative Motor Fuels

Demırbas, Ayhan

doi:10.1260/014459803322986295

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Xu et al [157] investigated the use of a mesoporous polyoxometalate-tantalum pentoxide composite catalyst (H 3 showed high activity and selectivity towards simultaneous esterification and transesterification under mild conditions. Finally, the catalyst was recovered, reactivated, and reused several times, thus opening perspectives for its application.…”

Section: Heteropolyacidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Sivasamy¹,

Cheah²,

Fornasiero³

et al. 2009

ChemSusChem

298

177

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The predicted shortage of fossil fuels and related environmental concerns have recently attracted significant attention to scientific and technological issues concerning the conversion of biomass into fuels. First-generation biodiesel, obtained from vegetable oils and animal fats by transesterification, relies on commercial technology and rich scientific background, though continuous progress in this field offers opportunities for improvement. This review focuses on new catalytic systems for the transesterification of oils to the corresponding ethyl/methyl esters of fatty acids. It also addresses some innovative/emerging technologies for the production of biodiesel, such as the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils to hydrocarbons. The special role of the catalyst as a key to efficient technology is outlined, together with the other important factors that affect the yield and quality of the product, including feedstock-related properties and various system conditions.

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Section: Heteropolyacidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Sivasamy¹,

Cheah²,

Fornasiero³

et al. 2009

ChemSusChem

298

177

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“…Table 13 shows the status of geothermal energy. Source: Demirbas et al, 2004a Solar Energy Solar energy technologies use sunlight to produce heat and electricity (Demirbas, 2003b). Solar energy systems are solar home system, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar water heating systems, solar dryers, and solar cookers.…”

Section: Geothermal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil fuels supply a large part of the total primary energy use in the world, about 75% (Demirbas et al, 2004a). The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed to in December 1997, marks an important turning point in efforts to promote the use of renewable energy worldwide and the developed countries should decrease the net emission of CO 2 (Demirbas, 2003b). Emissions of CO 2 caused by human activity are generally considered the most important (IPCC, 1992).…”

Section: Energy and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Energy Sources and Environmental Problems

Balat

2005

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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This article deals with use of global energy sources and their environmental impacts. The energy sources have been split into three categories: fossil fuels (oil-coal-natural gas), renewable sources, and nuclear sources. Oil and gas are expected to continue to be important sources of energy. New efficient and costeffective small-scale renewable energy generation options are commercially available today. The share of renewable energy sources is expected to increase very significantly. Recently, environmental problems resulting from energy production, conversion, and utilization have caused increased public awareness in all sectors of the public, industry, and government in both developed and developing countries. The environmental impact of energy use can be seen in two ways: The utilization of limited natural resources and the stress caused by environmental pollution. To combat that environmental damage, exploring and exploiting the utilization of combustible renewables and waste would be a necessary measure for decreasing the environmental impact of energy use.

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“…The most common form of renewable energy, widely used in the world is biomass [4][5][6]. One of the numerous advantages for the energy use of biomass is the reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide, and, at the same time, toxic combustion gas components -sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and chlorine compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In recent years the numerical modelling of biomass combustion has been successfully applied to determine the combustion mechanism and predict its products. In this study the influence of the addition of waste glycerin in biomass wood pellets on the chemical composition of exhaust gases has been investigated. The pellets have been prepared from spruceand pine wood sawdust without and with addition of waste glycerin. The waste glycerol is a undesirable by-product of biodiesel transesterification at oil manufacturing. The produced pellets were being burned in the 10 kW domestic boiler adapted to wood pellets combustion. The possibilities of pollutants generation (CO2, CO, NOx SOx and compounds containing chlorine) in the exhaust gases coming from the boiler were numerically calculated using the latest version of CHEMKIN-PRO software, introduced by the American company Reaction Design. The results of the calculations correspond to the data obtained on a real object, in particular: combustion temperature, gas pressure, residence time of fuel in the burner, air flow, fuel consumption, as well as elementary composition of fuel supplied into the boiler. The proposed method of predicting the chemical composition of exhaust gases allows proper control of the combustion process and can be considered as an important step in reducing the pollutants (lower emission of NOx, SOx and CO2 neutral) and thus to contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality. In addition, knowledge of the amounts of Clbased compounds produced in combustion process (under given conditions), can serve as an important hint in terms of corrosion prevention of boiler-and chimney steels.

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Current Advances in Alternative Motor Fuels

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Usage of Energy Sources and Environmental Problems

Numerical prediction of the chemical composition of gas products at biomass combustion and co-combustion in a domestic boiler

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