Current and Future Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol: Practice and Commercial Aspects with Regard to Regulatory Policy Issues

Ehlers, Ralf‐Udo

doi:10.1080/09583159631299

Cited by 126 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, they are compatible with commercial rearing and application techniques (Gaugler, 1988;Bathon, 1996;Stuart et al, 1997). The commercial production of entomopathogenic nematodes as an environmentally safer option to the use of chemical insecticides can be regarded as being due to the increased understanding of their biology, and improved production methods and storage formulations (Friedman, 1990;Ehlers, 1996). According to Le Vieux and Malan (2013), such increased understanding and commercial production of EPNs are both pertinent in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, and in helping to alleviate the global issues of species extinctions and ecosystem and biodiversity loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux

Malan

2016

SAJEV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to establish the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biocontrol agents of Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Six indigenous and two commercially available nematode species were screened for their efficacy in killing adult female P. ficus. The two indigenous species with the most promising results were Heterorhabditis zealandica and Steinernema yirgalemense, which were responsible for 96% and 65% mortality respectively. Tests were conducted to compare the efficacy of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae produced in vivo and in vitro. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora showed no significant difference in efficacy between the two production methods, but in vivo-cultured S. feltiae produced a significantly higher mean mortality of 40%, in contrast to a 19% mean mortality with in vitroproduced infective juveniles (IJs). The capability of both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense to complete their life cycles in the host and to produce a new cohort of IJs was demonstrated. Bioassays indicated a concentration-dependent susceptibility of P. ficus to H. zealandica, S. yirgalemense and commercially produced H. bacteriophora, with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 19, 82; 13, 80; and 36, 555 respectively. Both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense were able to move 15 cm vertically downward and infect P. ficus with a respective mortality of 82% and 95%. This study showed P. ficus to be a suitable host for H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense, with both nematode species showing considerable potential for future use in the field control of P. ficus.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux

Malan

2016

SAJEV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EPNs are safe biological control agents and have been successfully used against soilborne insects in ornamental plants, turf, mushrooms and strawberries (Ehlers, 1996;Kaya & Gaugler, 1993), and also against pest with cryptic habitats where the pests are highly protected inside galleries of plants (Begley, 1990;Klein, 1990;Williams & Walters, 1999;Tomalak et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions

Türköz¹,

Kaşkavalcı²

2016

Turkish Journal of Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) which was first detected in Izmir Province, Turkey in 2009 has spread quickly and has become the major pest in tomato producing areas. The efficacy of three different entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species isolates (from e-nema ® GmbH Schwentinental, Germany), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar), Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) was investigated against T. absoluta during 2013-2014 under laboratory conditions. The EPNs were applied with different inoculation rates (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 40 infective juveniles per larva) for each species to the third instar larvae of T. absoluta outside the leaves. The mortality rates for H. bacteriophora, S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae were found between 21.2 -74.2%, 28.8 -99.4% and 17.5 -95.2%, respectively. According to the results, S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae caused similar mortalities at the given inoculation rates while H. bacteriophora had lower efficacy compared to those two species. The values of LD50 for H. bacteriophora, S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae were 21.67, 7.13 and 6.25 infective juveniles per larva, respectively. Based on these data, S. feltiae was the most efficient nematode species, and was then applied against the larva of T. absoluta inside the mines and pupae. However, S. feltiae only caused low mortality of larvae both inside mines (19%) and the pupae (7%). These results revealed that EPN have good potential for the control of T. absoluta larvae outside the leaves and should be studied further.

show abstract

“…The literature contains a number of published descriptions of the nematode life cycle (Kaya 1993;Smart 1995;Ehlers 1996). Briefly, entomopathogenic nematodes typically inhabit the top 5 cm of soil, infecting susceptible hosts by means of a free-living dauer larva or infective juvenile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Biological Control of Crop Pests: A Nonequilibrium Approach

Fenton

Norman

Fairbairn

et al. 2001

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The University of Chicago Press andThe American Society of Naturalists are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Naturalist.http://www.jstor.org abstract: The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control is assessed using deterministic models. Typically, the examination of such models involves stability analyses to determine the long-term persistence of control. However, in agricultural systems, control is often needed within a single season. Hence, the transient dynamics of the systems were assessed under specific, shortterm control scenarios using stage-structured models. Analyses suggest that preemptive application may be the optimum strategy if nematode mortality rates are low; applying before pest invasion can result in greater control than applying afterward. In addition, repeated applications will suppress a pest, providing the application rate exceeds a threshold. However, the period between applications affects control success, so the economic injury level of the crop and the life history of the pest should be evaluated before deciding the strategy. In all scenarios, the most important parameter influencing control is the transmission rate. These findings are applicable to more traditional biological control agents (e.g., microparasites and parasitoids), and we recommend the approach adopted here when considering their practical use. It is concluded that it is essential to consider the specific crop and pest characteristics and the definition of control success before selecting the appropriate control strategy.Keywords: biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, insect pathogen, nonequilibrium analysis, transient dynamics, models of intermediate complexity.Over the past 30 yr, there has built up a vast literature describing the use of models as tools to evaluate the success One aspect that has received considerable attention in the last 10 yr is the incorporation of explicit stage structuring in the insect-host population (Murdoch et al. 1987;Godfray and Waage 1991;Godfray 1995a, 1995b;Murdoch and Briggs 1996). Such stage structuring, in the form of coupled delay-differential equations, enables greater biological detail to be described by a few, intuitively defined parameters while maintaining a degree of analytical tractability.However, despite the increased realism of this new generation of models, it may be that, at least in terms of evaluating biological control success, they are not being used to address the pertinent questions. In recent years, a number of authors have drawn attention to the fact that long-term stability rarely has any bearing on the practical success of a control program (Murdoch et ...

show abstract

Current and Future Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol: Practice and Commercial Aspects with Regard to Regulatory Policy Issues

Cited by 126 publications

References 1 publication

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Determination of the efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions

Evaluating the Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Biological Control of Crop Pests: A Nonequilibrium Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About