Current and turbulence measurements at the FINO1 offshore wind energy site: analysis using 5-beam ADCPs

Bakhoday-Paskyabi, Mostafa; Fer, Ilker; Reuder, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s10236-017-1109-5

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…these effects remains unknown but could range from localized within individual farms to broader spatial scales (Carpenter et al, 2016;Bakhoday-Paskyabi et al, 2018). The implications of these effects for fisheries production and commercial fisheries economics could be significant; hence, we suggest that the effect of wind farms on oceanographic variables be considered in environmental impact analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary and secondary production form the base of the marine food web and are associated with fisheries yields (Friedland et al, 2012;Stock et al, 2017). Both physical and biological oceanographic variables are likely to be affected by the operation of offshore wind farms (Floeter et al, 2017;Bakhoday-Paskyabi et al, 2018). However, few studies have directly demonstrated linkages between physical and biological oceanographic variables at these facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized hydrodynamic regime changes at the scale of individual turbines and wind farms occur as currents pass structures, modifying downstream turbulence, surface wave energy, and upwelling patterns (Bakhoday-Paskyabi et al, 2018). Much larger scale effects (∼80 km from structures) on hydrodynamics and vertical stratification are possible through the impact of wind wakes and dynamic coupling of the ocean and atmospheric systems (Carpenter et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf

et al. 2021

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States in the Northeast United States have the ambitious goal of producing more than 22 GW of offshore wind energy in the coming decades. The infrastructure associated with offshore wind energy development is expected to modify marine habitats and potentially alter the ecosystem services. Species distribution models were constructed for a group of fish and macroinvertebrate taxa resident in the Northeast US Continental Shelf marine ecosystem. These models were analyzed to provide baseline context for impact assessment of lease areas in the Middle Atlantic Bight designated for renewable wind energy installations. Using random forest machine learning, models based on occurrence and biomass were constructed for 93 species providing seasonal depictions of their habitat distributions. We developed a scoring index to characterize lease area habitat use for each species. Subsequently, groups of species were identified that reflect varying levels of lease area habitat use ranging across high, moderate, low, and no reliance on the lease area habitats. Among the species with high to moderate reliance were black sea bass (Centropristis striata), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), which are important fisheries species in the region. Potential for impact was characterized by the number of species with habitat dependencies associated with lease areas and these varied with a number of continuous gradients. Habitats that support high biomass were distributed more to the northeast, while high occupancy habitats appeared to be further from the coast. There was no obvious effect of the size of the lease area on the importance of associated habitats. Model results indicated that physical drivers and lower trophic level indicators might strongly control the habitat distribution of ecologically and commercially important species in the wind lease areas. Therefore, physical and biological oceanography on the continental shelf proximate to wind energy infrastructure development should be monitored for changes in water column structure and the productivity of phytoplankton and zooplankton and the effects of these changes on the trophic system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, the ongoing atmospheric and oceanic measurements at Forschungsplattformen in Nord-und Ostsee (FINO) 1, 2, and 3 platforms have been widely analyzed by researchers (Bakhoday-Paskyabi et al 2018;Muñoz-Esparza et al 2012;Fischer 2006;Senet et al 2012;Li and Lehner 2013;Hallgren et al 2020;Sjöberg et al 2015;Tangvald 2012). Their meteorological records for over a decade in northern Europe support climatological studies on offshore wind energy applications.…”

Section: Measurement Data For Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Wind–Wave Coupling Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Deskos

Lee

Draxl

et al. 2021

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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We present a review of existing wind-wave coupling models and parameterizations used for large-eddy simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The models are classified into two main categories: (i) the wave phaseaveraged, sea-surface-roughness models and (ii) the wave phase-resolved models. Both categories are discussed from their implementation, validity, and computational efficiency viewpoints with emphasis given on their applicability in offshore wind energy problems. In addition to the various models discussed, a review of laboratory-scale and field-measurement databases are presented thereafter. The majority of the presented data have been gathered over many decades of studying air-sea interaction phenomena, with the most recent ones compiled to reflect an offshore wind energy perspective. Both provide valuable data for model validation. Finally, we also discuss the modeling knowledge gaps and computational challenges ahead.

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“…In recent years, due to the installation of offshore windfarms in deeper waters, as well as the increase of wind turbine's power, other structures like jacket and tripods have been used, i.e., in Alpha Ventus offshore windfarm [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

et al. 2020

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Most offshore wind farms built thus far are based on waters below 30 m deep, either using big diameter steel monopiles or a gravity base. Now, offshore windfarms are starting to be installed in deeper waters and the use of these structures—used for oil and gas like jackets and tripods—is becoming more competitive. Setting aside these calls for direct or fixed foundations, and thinking of water depths beyond 50 m, there is a completely new line of investigation focused on the usage of floating structures; TLP (tension leg platform), Spar (large deep craft cylindrical floating caisson), and semisubmersible are the most studied. We analyze these in detail at the end of this document. Nevertheless, it is foreseen that we must still wait sometime before these solutions, based on floating structures, can become truth from a commercial point of view, due to the higher cost, rather than direct or fixed foundations. In addition, it is more likely that some technical modifications in the wind turbines will have to be implemented to improve their function. Regarding wind farm connections to grid, it can be found from traditional designs such as radial, star or ring. On the other hand, for wind generator modeling, classifications can be established, modeling the wind turbine and modeling the wind farm. Finally, for the wind generator control, the main strategies are: passive stall, active stall, and pitch control; and when it is based on wind generation zone: fixed speed and variable speed. Lastly, the trend is to use strategies based on synchronous machines, as the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG).

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Current and turbulence measurements at the FINO1 offshore wind energy site: analysis using 5-beam ADCPs

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf

Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf

Review of Wind–Wave Coupling Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

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