2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.019
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Current challenges in non-invasive insulin delivery systems: A comparative review

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Cited by 379 publications
(260 citation statements)
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“…Additionally, following oral administration, vaccines are extremely nonresistant to enzymatic deterioration in the stomach and intestinal environment. 7 Once entrapped in suitable carrier nanoparticles, antigens will be protected versus the degradative condition of the GI environment prior to their absorption in their intact form. Furthermore, using mucoadhesive polymers for the preparation of the delivery vehicle lengthens the association of the particles to the surface of mucosa while achieving the greater regional concentration of antigen in the mucus bed and minimizing dilution and destruction of antigen by the intestinal lumen contents.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Additionally, following oral administration, vaccines are extremely nonresistant to enzymatic deterioration in the stomach and intestinal environment. 7 Once entrapped in suitable carrier nanoparticles, antigens will be protected versus the degradative condition of the GI environment prior to their absorption in their intact form. Furthermore, using mucoadhesive polymers for the preparation of the delivery vehicle lengthens the association of the particles to the surface of mucosa while achieving the greater regional concentration of antigen in the mucus bed and minimizing dilution and destruction of antigen by the intestinal lumen contents.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, using mucoadhesive polymers for the preparation of the delivery vehicle lengthens the association of the particles to the surface of mucosa while achieving the greater regional concentration of antigen in the mucus bed and minimizing dilution and destruction of antigen by the intestinal lumen contents. 7,8 Chitosan polymer is derived from chitin by deacetylation. It is widely investigated for applications in pharmaceutical domains.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Some diabetic patients may not comply with this approach because of anxiety, inconvenience, needle phobia, pain, risk of infection and dermatologic reactions such as itching, swelling, and atrophy or hypertrophy of adipose tissue at the injection site (Snow, 2009). Various routes of administration have been widely investigated to be an alternative of insulin delivery (Heller et al, 2007;Khafagy et al, 2007). One of the interesting routes is an oral administration because it is convenient, non-invasive and patient-friendly.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This can mimic the physiological fate of endogenous insulin which is transferred from pancreas to liver via hepatic portal system (Heller et al, 2007;Sabetsky & Ekblom, 2010). Nevertheless, insulin is degraded by the gastrointestinal enzymes and the absorption of insulin through gastrointestinal membrane is also limited by its hydrophilic macromolecular property (Heller et al, 2007;Khafagy et al, 2007). Several approaches have been proposed such as absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, carrier-based delivery systems, including liposomes, niosomes, micro-and nanoparticles to overcome these barriers for oral insulin delivery (Heller et al, 2007;Khafagy et al, 2007;Sabetsky & Ekblom, 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%