Current computational modelling trends in craniomandibular biomechanics and their clinical implications

Abstract

Computational models of interactions in the craniomandibular apparatus are used with increasing frequency to study biomechanics in normal and abnormal masticatory systems. Methods and assumptions in these models can be difficult to assess by those unfamiliar with current practices in this field; health professionals are often faced with evaluating the appropriateness, validity and significance of models which are perhaps more familiar to the engineering community. This selective review offers a foundation for assessing the strength and implications of a craniomandibular modelling study. It explores different models used in general science and engineering and focuses on current best practices in biomechanics. The problem of validation is considered at some length, because this is not always fully realisable in living subjects. Rigid-body, finite element and combined approaches are discussed, with examples of their application to basic and clinically relevant problems. Some advanced software platforms currently available for modelling craniomandibular systems are mentioned. Recent studies of the face, masticatory muscles, tongue, craniomandibular skeleton, temporomandibular joint, dentition and dental implants are reviewed, and the significance of non-linear and non-isotropic material properties is emphasised. The unique challenges in clinical application are discussed, and the review concludes by posing some questions which one might reasonably expect to find answered in plausible modelling studies of the masticatory apparatus.

The importance of accurate muscle modelling for biomechanical analyses: a case study with a lizard skull

“…It allows simulation of the forces produced by the masticatory muscles, the resulting bite forces and the reaction forces at the joints, as well as the movement of the jaws [1–3]. To date, MDA has been used in studies of skull mechanics in several species, living and extinct [4–10].…”

The stock alloplastic temporomandibular joint implant can influence the behavior of the opposite native joint: A numerical study

“…For a keener knowledge of this subject, the finite element method has been used worldwide, allowing the mandible to be analyzed from every interesting perspective (DeVocht et al, 2001;Groning et al, 2009;Hannam, 2011). Based on the principal strain distribution along line 1 in the mandible, we observed that replacing the damaged disc by the implant reduces the strains on the opposite mandibular ramus by about 50%e55%.…”

Effect of jaw opening on the stress pattern in a normal human articular disc: finite element analysis based on MRI images

“…However, finite element (FE) analysis is a promising research tool for evaluating dental biomechanics [4]. It can be used to analyze stress distribution patterns in the TMJ tissues after application of force or deformation.…”