Current Concepts and Recent Advances in Peri-Implant Diseases: - A Narrative Review.

Abstract

The insertion of the dental implant in order to replace missing teeth in partially and completely edentulous patients is a successful treatment modality for over 50 years now. However, its predictability and applicability for a variety of treatment options is still a clinical dilemma. Peri- implantitis represents a serious condition after implant therapy and affects both hard and soft tissues surrounding an implant. While implant therapy represents a safe treatment option with high long-term success, reported complications are associated with improper treatment planning, surgical and prosthetic replacement, material failure and maintenance. Peri-implant lesions may develop after several years of implant placement therefore regular check-ups and life-long supportive periodontal therapy is a must. The management protocol for peri-implant diseases consists of various conservative and surgical approaches. Peri-implant mucositis and moderate peri-implant lesions can be treated with a conservative approach using non-surgical therapy and local and systemic antibiotics. Resective and regenerative therapy are advocated for more severe lesions to completely eliminate the disease. However, due to the lack of prospective randomized long-term follow-up studies, no ideal implant therapy can be implicated. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current data and to suggest different treatment modalities for diagnosis, prevention and management of peri-implant diseases.