Current Concepts for the Biological Basis of Dental Implants

Trindade, Ricardo; Albrektsson, Tomas; Wennerberg, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.coms.2015.01.004

Cited by 74 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, the possible existence of an imbalance between the implant fixture and the surrounding bone has recently been proposed as a possible etiological factor. Although solely based on narrative reviews [39], the hypothesis of a foreign body reaction as another causative agent for MBL has also been proposed [40]. In addition, the influence of the different implant surfaces and the presence of titanium particles embedded into the surrounding peri-implant tissues have been recently investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Surgical Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases: a Systematic Review

Amo¹,

Yu²,

Wang

2016

JOMR

137

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical therapy for the treatment of peri-implant diseases including both, mucositis and peri-implantitis lesions.Material and MethodsAn electronic search in two different databases was performed including MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE from 2011 to 2016. Human studies reporting non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis with more than 10 implants and at least 6 months follow up published in English language were evaluated. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the different methods of decontamination employed in the included investigations. Risk of bias assessment was elaborated for included investigations.ResultsTwenty-five articles were identified of which 14 were further evaluated and included in the analysis. Due to significant heterogeneity in between included studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Instead, a systematic descriptive review was performed. Included investigations reported the used of different methods for implant decontamination, including self-performed cleaning techniques, and professionally delivered treatment such as laser, photodynamic therapy, supra-/sub-mucosal mechanical debridement, and air-abrasive devices. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 60 months.ConclusionsNon-surgical treatment for peri-implant mucositis seems to be effective while modest and not-predictable outcomes are expected for peri-implantitis lesions. Limitations include different peri-implant diseases definitions, treatment approaches, as well as different implant designs/surfaces and defect characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Surgical Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases: a Systematic Review

Amo¹,

Yu²,

Wang

2016

JOMR

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, a synergistic effect with other factors is conceivable. Some authors stated that implant osseointegration is not simply a wound healing phenomenon but rather complex foreign body reaction with activation of the immune system [56]. Titanium and metal particle release is discussed as cause for implant failure as well as implant dentistry [5, 6, 9, 56, 57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors stated that implant osseointegration is not simply a wound healing phenomenon but rather complex foreign body reaction with activation of the immune system [56]. Titanium and metal particle release is discussed as cause for implant failure as well as implant dentistry [5, 6, 9, 56, 57]. It is assumed that metal particles influence the macrophage or lymphocyte pathways and provoke a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to an increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased osteoblastogenesis and consequently to peri-implant bone loss [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two case reports

et al. 2016

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An association between vitamin D deficiency and early dental implant failure is not properly verified, but its role in osteoimmunology is discussed. This article illustrates two case reports with vitamin D deficiency and early implant failure. Prior to implant placement, the first patient received crestal bone grafting with autologous material. Both patients received dental implants from different manufacturers in the molar region of the mandible. In the case of bone grafting in the first patient, all implants were placed in a two-stage procedure. All implants had to be removed within 15 days after implant placement. Vitamin D serum levels were measured: Both patients showed a vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D level <20 μg/l). After vitamin D supplementation, implant placement was successful in both patients. Prospective, randomized clinical trials must follow to affirm the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, osteoimmunology, and early implant failure.

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“…This reinforces the concept that osseointegration is a foreign body reaction [217,218] because dental implants are foreign bodies themselves. Hence, osseointegration is the direct result of a foreign body reaction which, with the right intensity in the inflammatory response, balances itself out and allows for bone to ultimately grow on the implant surface ultimately [219]. Just like soft tissue implants, which end up encapsulated in poorly vascularized fibrous tissue, titanium dental implants also become surrounded and enclosed by condensed bone that is poorly enervated and vascularized.…”

Section: The Effect Of Chemistry and Physical Features Of Biomatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials

et al. 2015

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All biomaterials, when implanted in vivo, elicit cellular and tissue responses. These responses include the inflammatory and wound healing responses, foreign body reactions, and fibrous encapsulation of the implanted materials. Macrophages are myeloid immune cells that are tactically situated throughout the tissues, where they ingest and degrade dead cells and foreign materials in addition to orchestrating inflammatory processes. Macrophages and their fused morphologic variants, the multinucleated giant cells, which include the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are the dominant early responders to biomaterial implantation and remain at biomaterial-tissue interfaces for the lifetime of the device. An essential aspect of macrophage function in the body is to mediate degradation of bio-resorbable materials including bone through extracellular degradation and phagocytosis. Biomaterial surface properties play a crucial role in modulating the foreign body reaction in the first couple of weeks following implantation. The foreign body reaction may impact biocompatibility of implantation devices and may considerably impact short- and long-term success in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, necessitating a clear understanding of the foreign body reaction to different implantation materials. The focus of this review article is on the interactions of macrophages and foreign body giant cells with biomaterial surfaces, and the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of biomaterial surfaces that play a role in regulating the foreign body response. Events in the foreign body response include protein adsorption, adhesion of monocytes/macrophages, fusion to form FBGCs, and the consequent modification of the biomaterial surface. The effect of physico-chemical cues on macrophages is not well known and there is a complex interplay between biomaterial properties and those that result from interactions with the local environment. By having a better understanding of the role of macrophages in the tissue healing processes, especially in events that follow biomaterial implantation, we can design novel biomaterials-based tissue-engineered constructs that elicit a favorable immune response upon implantation and perform for their intended applications.

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Current Concepts for the Biological Basis of Dental Implants

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Non-Surgical Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases: a Systematic Review

Non-Surgical Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases: a Systematic Review

Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two case reports

Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials

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