Current Concepts in the Biochemical Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Ahmad, Syed Shoeb; Ghani, Shuaibah Abdul; Rajagopal, Theodora Hemalata

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1137

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mechanical theory suggests that GON may result from increased IOP leading to regions of high shear stress and strain in the lamina cribrosa [ 7 ]. Over the past few years, there has been mounting evidence in the literature on the possible role of biochemical mechanisms leading to glaucomatous neurodegeneration [ 8 ]. These biochemical mechanisms include the role of excitatory amino acids, caspases, protein kinases, oxygen free radicals, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, neurotrophins, and metalloproteins [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glymphatic Hypothesis of Glaucoma: A Unifying Concept Incorporating Vascular, Biomechanical, and Biochemical Aspects of the Disease

Wostyn¹,

Groot

Dam

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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The pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma is still largely unknown, although a joint contribution of vascular, biomechanical, and biochemical factors is widely acknowledged. Since glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, exploring its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is extremely important and challenging. Evidence from recent studies appears supportive of the hypothesis that a “glymphatic system” exists in the eye and optic nerve, analogous to the described “glymphatic system” in the brain. As discussed in the present paper, elucidation of a glymphatic clearance pathway in the eye could provide a new unifying hypothesis of glaucoma that can incorporate many aspects of the vascular, biomechanical, and biochemical theories of the disease. It should be stressed, however, that the few research data currently available cannot be considered as proof of the existence of an “ocular glymphatic system” and that much more studies are needed to validate this possibility. Even though nothing conclusive can yet be said, the recent reports suggesting a paravascular transport system in the eye and optic nerve are encouraging and, if confirmed, may offer new perspectives for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this devastating disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glymphatic Hypothesis of Glaucoma: A Unifying Concept Incorporating Vascular, Biomechanical, and Biochemical Aspects of the Disease

Wostyn¹,

Groot

Dam

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…Over the past few years, evidence about the possible role of biochemical mechanisms leading to glaucomatous neurodegeneration has been increasing in the literature. It includes the role of the effects of excitatory amino acids, caspases, protein kinases, oxygen free radicals, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Ahmad et al 2013).…”

Section: Theories Of Glaucoma Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of a new concept of glaucoma pathogenesis based on the glymphatic theory of cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Должиков¹,

Shevchenko²,

Pobeda³

et al. 2020

RRP

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General aspects of glaucoma: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous multi-factorial disease that is one of the main causes of blindness, along with degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve atrophy. Theories of pathogenesis: There are three theories of glaucoma pathogenesis: biomechanical, vascular, and biochemical. Basic theory of the glymphatic system: The classical knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid circulation has been revised, and in 2012 a new concept of glial-perivascular – glymphatic perfusion of the brain parenchyma was introduced. Due to experimental and clinical studies, it is approved by many scientists, especially in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which amyloid pathology is the result of dysfunction of the para-/perivascular transport/cleansing pathways. Features of the optic nerve and the cribriform plate: The cribriform plate forms a barrier at the border of intraocular (IOP) and intracranial (ICP) pressures, thus affecting the para-/periarterial flow of cerebrospinal fluid to the optic nerve and retina, as well as the para-/perivenous cleansing outflow. Morphofunctional evidence of an ocular glymphatic system: The presence of an ocular glymphatic system is confirmed by in vivo experiments with the transfer of labeled substances through para-/perivascular structures from the ventricular or subarachnoid space to the optic nerve and by postmortem morphology. Clinical evidence for the glymphatic system hypothesis: There is some clinical, including case-based, and epidemiological evidence for similarities between glaucomatous optic nerve/retinal injuries and AD, since both occur in the form of improper secretion of neurotoxic metabolites, and both are often diagnosed together.

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“…Идея о роли аномальных метаболитов в нарушении функции дренажной системы глаза появилась еще в 70-80-х годах прошлого века [6]. Продолжались поиски в данном направлении и в современных исследованиях [68]. Установлено, что такими аномальными метаболитами являются продукты перекисного окисления липидов, оксид азота, возбуждающие нейротрансмиттеры, в частности, глутамат через феномен эксайтотоксичности, цитокины, металлопротеины [66].…”

Section: основные теории патогенеза глаукомыunclassified

Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative pathology and new concepts of transport and metabolic systems of the brain and eye

Должиков¹,

Bobyntsev²,

Белых³

et al. 2020

Kursk Scientific and Practical Bulletin “Man and His Health”

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Current Concepts in the Biochemical Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

The Glymphatic Hypothesis of Glaucoma: A Unifying Concept Incorporating Vascular, Biomechanical, and Biochemical Aspects of the Disease

The Glymphatic Hypothesis of Glaucoma: A Unifying Concept Incorporating Vascular, Biomechanical, and Biochemical Aspects of the Disease

Review of a new concept of glaucoma pathogenesis based on the glymphatic theory of cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative pathology and new concepts of transport and metabolic systems of the brain and eye

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