Current concepts in the biology of orthodontic tooth movement

Alteração no volume do fluido gengival durante a retração de caninos superiores

“…4,6,8,9,12 The increase in the gingival fluid flow may be observed in teeth submitted to orthodontic movement, being reduced in the retention period, when tooth movement is interrupted. 13 This variation in the gingival fluid volume in teeth under mechanical stress might be associated to the onset of a subsequent inflammatory process, which is involved in the cascade of events necessary for orthodontic tooth movement.…”

“…13 This variation in the gingival fluid volume in teeth under mechanical stress might be associated to the onset of a subsequent inflammatory process, which is involved in the cascade of events necessary for orthodontic tooth movement. 3,6,8,9,12 The direction of gingival fluid flow in teeth under mechanical stress would be from the pressure side to the tension side, both apically and coronally toward the gingival sulcus. Compression of the periodontal ligament would be asso-…”

Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics: A Review of the Literature

“…20,21 Basically, bone turnover is in related with skeletal maintenance and mineral metabolism and consists resorbing (catabolic) and forming (anabolic) phases. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), influenced by increased alveolar bone metabolism and decreased bone density, was demonstrated to be in correlation with bone turnover rate as high bone turnover significantly increased the rate of OTM.…”

“…Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), influenced by increased alveolar bone metabolism and decreased bone density, was demonstrated to be in correlation with bone turnover rate as high bone turnover significantly increased the rate of OTM. 21,22 A sum of data have stated that catabolic activity mediated by osteoclasts limits the rate of OTM and PDL plays a crucial role in this process. 22 In parallel, several histologic researches have supported the pressure/tension theory, which relies on the emergence of local bone resorption (pressure) and bone apposition (tension) sides during OTM.…”

“…Their findings also confirmed the outcome of a previous study on changes of the PDL during experimental tooth movement with a similar experimental set-up by Kohno et al 25 These findings contradict the common theory of the relationship between tooth displacement and hyalinization. Additively, save the fact that bone adaptation to orthodontic force depends on the regular gene expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, recent discoveries of OTM-related gene mutations which regulates osteoclast bone-matrix acidification and osteoblast-derived mineral-protein matrices promoted the biologic basis of orthodontic treatment to a combination of mechanics and molecular-genetic-cellular interventions 21 . A recent experimental study proposed a single continuous periodontal compartment in OTM rather than distinguishable pressure/tension sides and proclaimed that the bone formation on the apposition side is the limiting factor for OTM acceleration.…”