Current golf performance literature and application to training

Sato, Kimitake; Kenny, Ian C.; Dale, R. Barry

doi:10.17338/trainology.2.2_23

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The five-iron model accounted for a significant (p <.05) 74% of variance in faster clubhead speed, explained by lower trunk x-factor stretch, and trunk lateral bending at ball impact. The negative beta coefficient reported for trunk lateral bending supports previous findings that faster clubhead speed is produced when crunch-factor, through lateral bending, is minimised (Chu et al, 2010;Sato et al, 2013). Both models reported lower trunk involvement being important for producing clubhead speed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The greater amount of x-factor variables reported for the five-iron support the idea that x-factor variables are more strongly correlated to clubhead speed than crunch-factor variables. With respect to golf, evidence suggests that excessive trunk lateral bending restricts trunk axial rotation velocity during the downswing, and axial rotation velocity is more important when aiming to maximise clubhead speed (Chu et al, 2010;Sato et al, 2013, Cole & Grimshaw, 2014. Increased muscle activation pattern variability has been shown in combined lateral bending and axial rotation trunk postures (Nairn & Drake, 2014;Schinkel-Ivy & Drake, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that excessive crunch-factor has the potential for injury in the vertebral body and facet joint of the lumbar spine (Gluck et al, 2007), as excessive trunk lateral bending restricts trunk axial rotation velocity during the downswing, and from a performance point of view, trunk axial rotation velocity is more important for skilled golfers aiming to maximise clubhead speed (Chu et al, 2010;Sato, Kenny & Dale, 2013). Combined segment postures during trunk movement have shown greater and more variable elecromyographic muscle activation patterns when undergoing trunk lateral bending and axial rotation, compared to that of trunk flexion and extension (Nairn & Drake, 2014; Schinkel-Ivy abdominal musculature to increase trunk stiffness and stability when undergoing movements specific to the golf swing is key for producing clubhead speed (Schinkel-Ivy & Drake, 2015;Glofcheski & Brown, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The most important “factor” in producing clubhead speed in golf

Joyce

2017

Human Movement Science

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Substantial experiential research into x-factor, and to a lesser extent crunch-factor has been undertaken with the aim of increasing clubhead speed. However, a direct comparison of the golf swing kinematics associated with each 'factor' has not, and possible differences when using a driver compared to an iron. Fifteen low handicap male golfers who displayed a modern swing had their golf swing kinematic data measured when hitting their own driver and five-iron, using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 250Hz. Clubhead speed was collected using a validated launch monitor. No between-club differences in x-factor and crunch-factor existed. Correlation analyses revealed within-club segment (trunk and lower trunk) interaction was different for the driver, compared to the five-iron, and that a greater number of kinematic variables associated with x-factor, compared to crunch-factor were shown to be correlated with faster clubhead speeds. This was further explained in the five-iron regression model, where a significant amount of variance in clubhead speed was associated with increased lower trunk x-factor stretch, and reduced trunk lateral bending. Given that greens in regulation was shown to be the strongest correlated variable with PGA Tour earnings (1990-2004), the findings suggests a link to player performance for approach shots. These findings support other empiric research into the importance of x-factor as well as anecdotal evidence on how crunch-factor can negatively affect clubhead speed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The most important “factor” in producing clubhead speed in golf

Joyce

2017

Human Movement Science

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“…This was an evidence-based, periodized program specifically designed to improve physical characteristics identified in the scientific literature as important for improving golf performance. 18 Table 2 presents the specific programming, along with a brief description of the training phase and goal. It should be noted that intensity was prescribed as ''set-rep best,'' which is not equivalent to one RM percentages.…”

Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf drive performance in collegiate golfers

Driggers

Sato

2017

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf driving performance. Ten Division-I collegiate golfers completed two resistance training sessions per week for 10 weeks during the fall tournament season. Pre-and post-training assessments of strength-power and golf performance were compared. To assess strength-power, jump height, peak force, and peak power were measured from static and countermovement vertical jumps; peak force and rate of force development from 0 to 250 ms were measured from an isometric mid-thigh pull. Golf performance was assessed in terms of ball launch speed, spin rate, carry yardage, and total yardage, averaged from five shots using a driver. Following training, all measures of strength-power improved, with countermovement jump peak power improving significantly (p < 0.00625). The golf performance assessment indicated significant increases (p < 0.0125) in ball speed, carry yardage, and total yardage. These results suggest that vertically oriented resistance training can improve golf driving performance.

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“…Dalam golf tidak hanya membutuhkan tenaga yang kuat tetapi yang lebih diperlukan yaitu ketelitian, ketepatan dan kecermatan (Sato, Kenny, & Dale, 2013). Sebagian orang berpikir bahwa golf hanya memukul bola dengan jauh dan yang lebih jauhlah yang menang.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Difference analysis of long drive swing mechanical movement towards ball velocity based on analysis kinematics approach between skill and unskill golf player

Rusdiana

Sartono

Nurjaya

et al. 2019

SPORTIF

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui perbedaan long drive swing mechanical movement terhadap ball velocity berbasis pendekatan kinematics analysis antara skill dan unskill golf player. Adapun Analisis kinematik terdiri dari: trunk forword tilt, club stick velocity, knee flexion, wrist hinge at the top, leading arm angle, lateral band, hip rotation dan shoulder rotation. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis uji perbedaan rata-rata. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 atlet professional dan 4 atlet amatir di lingkungan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia UPI Bandung, dengan rata-rata Tinggi Badan 1.63 ± 2.4 m, Berat Badan 72.4 ± 3.6 kg dan Usia 37.4 ± 7.6 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari sepuluh variabel kinematika yang dianalisis terdapat empat indikator yang menunjukan hasil perbedaan signfikan pada taraf alpha 0.05 antara lain club speed at impact (t =0.007), lateral band after impact ball (t = 0.006), shoulder rotation (t = 0.005) dan flexion at elbow joint arm non dominant (t = 0.003).

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Current golf performance literature and application to training

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

The most important “factor” in producing clubhead speed in golf

The most important “factor” in producing clubhead speed in golf

The effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf drive performance in collegiate golfers

Difference analysis of long drive swing mechanical movement towards ball velocity based on analysis kinematics approach between skill and unskill golf player

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