Current Management of Hepatocellular Cancer

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, being the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide. It usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and has a poor prognosis if untreated. Following the diagnosis, this disease requires multidisciplinary management. Orthotopic liver transplantation is theoretically the best treatment for early, unresectable HCC. However, the major practical obstacle is the extreme shortage of organs, which makes this a practical option only in selected patients. In this report we describe new advancements in diagnosis, classification, and treatment that have emerged in the field of HCC in recent years.

Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induced by Lupeol, a Dietary Triterpene, in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

“…The cells were plated at a density of 2ϫ10 5 per well and were harvested with or without lupeol treatment at 12, 24 and 48 h. The cells were washed once in PBS. They were then fixed in cold 70% ethanol and stored at 4°C for 30 min.…”

“…Quantification of Apoptosis For apoptosis analysis, SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells (5ϫ10 5 ) were plated in each well of the six-well plate and treated with different doses (0, 25, 40, 50 mmol/l) of lupeol in 10% fetal bovine serum-DMEM for 48 h. The cells were then labeled with Annexin V and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, U.S.A.). Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, U.S.A.).…”

Synergistic anticancer effects of curcumin and resveratrol in Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma cells

“…The incidence of liver cancer is increasing possibly due to the epidemic of obesity and the rise in hepatitis C virus infection (1). Current treatment for liver cancer includes surgical resection, liver transplantation, local ablation, transarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization, and targeted molecular therapy (2,3). Despite improved therapeutic methods, the curative outcome of advanced liver cancer patients remains elusive.…”

Modified Yi Guan Jian, a Chinese herbal formula, induces anoikis in Bel-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro

“…The incidence of liver cancer is increasing due to the dissemination of hepatitis B and C virus infections, and the highest incidence has been recorded in East and SouthEast Asia and in Middle and Western Africa (1,2). Currently, the treatment of hepatic carcinoma is mainly dependent on early surgical resection, liver transplantation, chemoembolization, and targeted therapy (2,3). However, most patients present with middle or advanced stages at diagnosis and not amenable to loco-regional therapy, due to the latent onset and rapid progression (3,4).…”

“…Currently, the treatment of hepatic carcinoma is mainly dependent on early surgical resection, liver transplantation, chemoembolization, and targeted therapy (2,3). However, most patients present with middle or advanced stages at diagnosis and not amenable to loco-regional therapy, due to the latent onset and rapid progression (3,4). Treatment of middle-advanced stage liver cancer is difficult because of relatively few therapeutic responses and survival benefit.…”