Current Research on Antiepileptic Compounds

Abstract

Epilepsy affects about 1% of the world's population. Due to the fact all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have some undesirable side effects and about 30% of epileptic patients are not seizure-free with the existing AEDs, there is still an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer AEDs. Based on our research work on antiepileptic compounds and other references in recent years, this review covers the reported work on antiepileptic compounds which are classified according to their structures. This review summarized 244 significant anticonvulsant compounds which are classified by functional groups according to the animal model data, although there are some limitations in the data. This review highlights the properties of new compounds endowed with promising antiepileptic properties, which may be proven to be more effective and selective, and possibly free of unwanted side effects. The reviewed compounds represent an interesting possibility to overcome refractory seizures and to reduce the percentage of patients with a poor response to drug therapy.

Synthesis of novel phthalazine derivatives as pharmacological activities

“…Among the different nitrogen containing heterocycles, phthalazines play an important role in medicinal chemistry and subsequently have emerged as a pharmacophore. The phthalazine structural motifs have attracted a great deal of interest because of their ready accessibility, diverse chemical reactivity, and wide gamut of biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and anticonvulsant activities. In organic synthesis, N ‐protected amino acids are essential key precursors and have been used in many areas, for example, peptide synthesis, medicinal chemistry, as chiral sources, and polymer materials .…”

Anticonvulsant and Toxicological Evaluation of Parafluorinated/Chlorinated Derivatives of 3-Hydroxy-3-ethyl-3-phenylpropionamide

“…Phenobarbital (PubChem CAS 50-06-6), sodium valproate (CAS 1069-66-5), hydrochloric acid (HCl), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; CAS 54-95-5), and polyethylenglycol-400 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). A racemic mix of 3-hydroxy-3-ethyl-3-phenylpropionamide (HEPP), as well as its fluorinated and chlorinated derivatives (F-HEPP and Cl-HEPP), was synthesized and submitted to chemical characterization using previously described methods [ 7 , 11 , 12 ]. The compounds yielded had a purity of ≥99.5%.…”

“…Some recent studies suggest advances in this effort, using techniques of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology to design new compounds or modify those already in use. Additionally, light has been shed on innovative mechanisms of action [ 7 – 11 ].…”

Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus – A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies

“…The fundamental mechanism behind such evident anticonvulsing activity of CP might be the presence of coumarins and triterpenoids (Quintans Júnior et al, 2008). Moreover, it has also been proposed that the anti-convulsant activity of a phytomedicine is escalated by the presence of certain functional groups like, quinoline, quinazoline, thiazole, benzothiazines, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, phthalazine, triazine, triazoles, cyclopropane carboxylate, and oxime ether (Wei et al, 2015;Song and Deng, 2018). Indeed, many such functional groups have been found in the CP phyto-constituents (Table 2) for e.g., quinones, microphyllic acid, 6-methoxy coumarin, 4'methoxy kaempferol, 7-methoxy quercetin, vanillic acid, syringic acid and melilotic acid (Daniel, 2016).…”