Current Review on the Coagulation/Flocculation of Lignin Containing Wastewater

Yaser, Abu Zahrim; Tl, Cassey; Ma, Hairul; As, Shazwan

doi:10.4172/2252-5211.1000153

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To address these drawbacks, the development of a new alternative material is needed. Desirable properties for alternative hybrid materials include greater separation performance, lower dosage, reduced sludge production, and non-aggregation with sludge to enhance recyclability (Cassey & Shazwan 2014;Lee et al 2012;Roopan 2017). More specifically, a material that can simultaneously act as a coagulant-flocculant is desired to simplify the operation and decrease the size of the treatment facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Iron (III) Trimesic (Fe-BTC) to Enhance Lignin Separation from Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Pangkumhang¹,

Jutaporn²,

Sorachoti³

et al. 2019

JSM

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This study assesses the application of iron (III) trimesic (Fe-BTC) as a coagulant-flocculant to remove lignin from pulp and paper (P&P) wastewater. In this research, Fe-BTC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the functional groups of Fe-BTC and lignin were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determined the surface morphology of the material. The influential parameters affecting lignin removal included the initial lignin concentration, the quantity of Fe-BTC, and the pH which were investigated using a single batch mixing system. The experimental and optimum operational conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Fe-BTC dosage plays a major role in efficiently removing lignin, while the pH and initial lignin concentration had no significant effect. Greater than 80% removal efficiency could be achieved with a Fe-BTC dosage as low as 2 g/L. The proposed mechanism of lignin aggregation was that Fe molecules were released from unsaturated sites of Fe-BTC and then formed new bonds with O in the methoxy lignin group. The interaction between Fe-BTC and lignin was π-π stacking (benzene ring), which explains the formation of F-O bonds in the lignin sludge. ABSTRAK Kajian ini menilai penggunaan besi (III) trimesik (Fe-BTC) sebagai bahan penggumpal untuk menyingkirkan lignin daripada air sisa pulpa dan kertas (P&P). Dalam kajian ini, Fe-BTC dicirikan oleh pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) manakala kumpulan fungsian Fe-BTC dan lignin dianalisis melalui spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR). MikroskopElektron Imbasan (SEM) menentukan morfologi permukaan untuk bahan. Parameter penting yang menyebabkan penyingkiran lignin adalah termasuk kepekatan pemula lignin, kuantiti Fe-BTC dan pH yang dikaji menggunakan sistem campuran kelompok tunggal. Syarat uji kaji dan pengoperasian optimum telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD). Dos Fe-BTC memainkan peranan penting dalam menyingkirkan lignin dengan cekap, manakala pH dan kepekatan pemula lignin tidak menunjukkan kesan yang ketara. Lebih daripada 80% kecekapan penyingkiran boleh dicapai dengan dos Fe-BTC serendah 2 g/L. Mekanisme cadangan daripada pengagregatan lignin adalah bahawa Fe molekul dibebaskan dari unsatured tapak Fe-BTC dan kemudian membentuk ikatan baharu dengan O dalam kumpulan lignin metoksi. Interaksi antara Fe-BTC dan lignin ialah susunan π-π (gelang benzena) yang menjelaskan pembentukan ikatan F-O dalam enap-cemar lignin.Kata kunci: Fe-BTC; lignin; MOFs; pulpa dan kertas; rangka kerja logam-organik; reka bentuk Box-Behnken

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Iron (III) Trimesic (Fe-BTC) to Enhance Lignin Separation from Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Pangkumhang¹,

Jutaporn²,

Sorachoti³

et al. 2019

JSM

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“…High membrane cost, requirement of resin fouling, resin regeneration [22,23] Coagulation and flocculation Settling and dewatering of sludge High cost, large consumption of chemicals [24,25] Membrane filtration [7,30] The majority of these methods [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] are expensive, ineffective in certain concentrations, or time-consuming, and adsorption is limited by the cost of the adsorption material [1,[6][7][8][9]31,32]. For these reasons, the choice of sorbent is crucial for the development of a simple, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly water purification method [33,34].…”

Section: Advantages Disadvantages Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

et al. 2020

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Organic waste materials and semi-products containing cellulose are used as low-cost adsorbents that are able to compete with conventional sorbents. In addition, their capacity to bind heavy metal ions can be intensified by chemical treatments using mineral and organic acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and organic compounds. In this paper, we studied the biosorption capacity of natural and modified wooden sawdust of poplar, cherry, spruce, and hornbeam in order to remove heavy metals from acidic model solutions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed changes of the functional groups due to the alkaline modification of sawdust, which manifested in the considerably increased intensity of the hydroxyl peaks. The adsorption isotherm models clearly indicated that the adsorptive behavior of metal ions in treated sawdust satisfied not only the Langmuir model, but also the Freundlich model. The adsorption data obtained for studied sorbents were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model for both metals, except for spruce sawdust. Surface complexation and ion exchange are the major mechanisms involved in metal ion removal. We investigated the efficiency of the alkaline modified sawdust for metal removal under various initial concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from model solutions. The highest adsorption efficiency values (copper 94.3% at pH 6.8 and zinc 98.2% at pH 7.3) were obtained for poplar modified by KOH. For all types of sawdust, we found that the sorption efficiency of modified sorbents was higher in comparison to untreated sawdust. The value of the pH initially increased more in the case of modified sawdust (8.2 for zinc removal with spruce NaOH) and then slowly decreased (7.0 for Zn(II) with spruce NaOH).

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“…Variations in the particle size of solids in black liquor were not measured in this study. However, it has been reported that low molecular weight lignin is agglomerated with a coagulant such as aluminum or metal ions (Yaser et al 2014). According to Richardson (1988), the mean particle size of kraft lignin from pulp mills was in the range of 8.6 to 26.1 μm.…”

Section: Effect Of Alum On Black Liquor Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Surface Sizing of Black Liquor on Properties of Corrugated Medium

Han¹,

Cho²

2016

BioResources

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Spent cooking liquor from kraft pulping, known as black liquor, was applied to linerboard (corrugated medium) by surface sizing in order to increase strength properties. The influence of alum in black liquor on linerboard properties was also investigated. The surface application of black liquor improved the dry strength of linerboard. A slight addition of alum into black liquor (2.5% on black liquor solids) significantly improved strength properties such as tensile strength, TEA, compressive strength, and bursting strength. The results implied that black liquor with alum can be used for industrial grade papers that require high strength properties. The air permeability of corrugated medium increased after 5 g/m 2 of dry pickup. Black liquor appeared to penetrate the paper pores, and aggregates of lignin and carbohydrates in the black liquor increased bonds between fibers, which improved strength. The surface sizing of black liquor and alum addition also affected the hydrophobicity of linerboard.

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Current Review on the Coagulation/Flocculation of Lignin Containing Wastewater

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Applicability of Iron (III) Trimesic (Fe-BTC) to Enhance Lignin Separation from Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Applicability of Iron (III) Trimesic (Fe-BTC) to Enhance Lignin Separation from Pulp and Paper Wastewater

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

Effect of Surface Sizing of Black Liquor on Properties of Corrugated Medium

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