Current State of Knowledge on Implications of Gut Microbiome for Surgical Conditions

Chen, Edmund B.; Cason, Cori A.; Gilbert, Jack A.; Ho, Karen J.

doi:10.1007/s11605-018-3755-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Microbes are found on every surface of the body that is in contact with the external environment. Areas include the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary system, and the respiratory tract [ 5 ].…”

Section: The Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand?

Γεωργίου

Marinov

Farooqı

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The gut microbiota (GM) is considered to constitute a powerful “organ” capable of influencing the majority of the metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes of the human body. To date, five microbial-mediated mechanisms have been revealed that either endorse or inhibit tumorigenesis. Although the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are distant physically, they have common embryonic origin and similarity in structure. The lung microbiota is far less understood, and it is suggested that the crosslink between the human microbiome and lung cancer is a complex, multifactorial relationship. Several pathways linking their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut–lung axis (GLA). Regarding implications of specific GM in lung cancer therapy, a few studies showed that the GM considerably affects immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy by altering the differentiation of regulatory T cells and thus resulting in changes in immunomodulation mechanisms, as discovered by assessing drug metabolism directly and by assessing the host immune modulation response. Additionally, the GM may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment in lung cancer. The mechanism underlying the role of the GLA in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer and its capability for diagnosis, manipulation, and treatment need to be further explored.

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Section: The Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, primer-independent and unbiased sequencing data are generated, which thereafter can be evaluated by various reference-based and/or reference-free procedures. Therefore, shotgun metagenomics marks all the DNA material in a sample and produces abundant information for all genes, functions, and organisms [ 5 ].…”

Section: The Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand?

Γεωργίου

Marinov

Farooqı

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In addition, E. coli, Lactobacilli, and Streptococci are discovered in small amounts [39]. Alteration in human gut microbial composition can lead to several diseases [2,24,[39][40][41][42], but the therapeutic interventions by probiotics, fecal transplantation, and TMA lyase inhibitors have shown promising results [38,39,43].…”

Section: Modification Of Gut Microbiome To Improve the Outcomes For C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review

Mansuri¹,

Mann²,

Rizwan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The gut microbiome helps maintain homeostasis in the body, but what if the gut experiences imbalance? It would lead to dysbiosis -which is involved in multiple diseases, including but not limited to cardiovascular diseases, the most common cause of mortality around the globe. This research paper aims to explain all the possible mechanisms known linking the gut microbiome to the contribution of worsening cardiovascular events. PubMed and Google Scholar were thoroughly explored to learn the role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular events. A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze the possible pathways and the metabolites included in the study. Thirteen review articles were selected based on the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) and the scale for the assessment of non-systematic review articles (SANRA) checklist scores. In this article, we have discussed the role of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, coronary artery disease, etc. Various pathways to modify the gut microbiome are also discussed, along with the use of probiotics. Finally, we discussed the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiome metabolite, as a biomarker for the prognosis of various diseases. This study concluded that the gut microbiome does play a crucial role in the worsening of cardiovascular diseases and the metabolites of which can be used as biomarkers in the prognosis of cardiovascular events.

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“…The delicate balance between the host and its microbiota can affect patient outcomes in the areas of cancer ( Liu et al, 2019 ), immuno- ( Sivan et al, 2015 ; Tanoue et al, 2019 ), and radio-therapy ( Roy and Trinchieri, 2017 ), as well as colorectal surgery ( Chen et al, 2018 ). The host–microbiota interaction is a symbiotic one that needs careful consideration as potential MCMs are proposed to modulate the microbiota.…”

Section: The Effects Of the Microbiome On The Radiation Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review

et al. 2021

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Study of the human microbiota has been a centuries-long endeavor, but since the inception of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Microbiome Project in 2007, research has greatly expanded, including the space involving radiation injury. As acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is multisystemic, the microbiome niches across all areas of the body may be affected. This review highlights advances in radiation research examining the effect of irradiation on the microbiome and its potential use as a target for medical countermeasures or biodosimetry approaches, or as a medical countermeasure itself. The authors also address animal model considerations for designing studies, and the potential to use the microbiome as a biomarker to assess radiation exposure and predict outcome. Recent research has shown that the microbiome holds enormous potential for mitigation of radiation injury, in the context of both radiotherapy and radiological/nuclear public health emergencies. Gaps still exist, but the field is moving forward with much promise.

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Current State of Knowledge on Implications of Gut Microbiome for Surgical Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 95 publications

Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand?

Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand?

Role of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review

Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review

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