Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases

Abstract

In this position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases an expert consensus group reviews the current knowledge on clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis, and proposes new diagnostic criteria for clinically suspected myocarditis and its distinct biopsy-proven pathogenetic forms. The aims are to bridge the gap between clinical and tissue-based diagnosis, to improve management and provide a common reference point for future registries and multicentre randomised controlled trials of aetiology-driven treatment in inflammatory heart muscle disease.

Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Fulminant Myocarditis in Adult Patients: A 5-Year Multi-Institutional Experience

“…(Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101:919-26) Ó 2016 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons of refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest may characterize the clinical scenario of AFM [1,2]. Aggressive pharmacologic therapy and intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) are often insufficient, and mechanical circulatory support may therefore account for the unique means capable of sustaining the failing heart and providing time to enhance heart recovery or to more advanced therapies if adequate native cardiac function is not eventually restored [1][2][3].…”

T‐Wave Abnormality as Electrocardiographic Signature of Myocardial Edema in Non‐ST‐Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

“…The other 6 patients had negative T2W imaging, making acute myocarditis less likely. Further, even though acute myocarditis cannot be entirely excluded among this entity's own challenges in diagnosis,31, 32 the mean age of these subjects (53.5 years), who had multiple atherosclerosis risk factors, strongly supports acute myocardial ischemia as the causative mechanism of myocardial injury.…”

Electrical storm in the inflamed heart: ventricular tachycardia due to myocarditis

“…For example, in giant cell myocarditis, immunosuppression could be considered 17. The value of EMB and the fact that CMR should not replace EMB are pointed out in the current position paper 1. As EMB was not performed in our patient, the optimal treatment and prognosis remain unclear.…”