Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2

Siddiqui, Arif Jamal; Jahan, Sadaf; Ashraf, Syed Amir; Alreshidi, Mousa; Ashraf, Mohammad Saquib; Patel, Mitesh; Snoussi, Mejdi; Singh, Ritu; Adnan, Mohd

doi:10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Ivermectin is a well-known antiparasitic, highly effective against helminthic infestations and with an excellent safety profile. In the past few years, studies have shown that ivermectin also has an antiviral effect on DNA and RNA viral families, preventing the virus from entering cells; promoting inhibition of the transporter complex "nuclear transporter mediated by α / β importin", fundamental to the viral replication process; and binding to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, also leading to disruption of viral replication [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Use of ivermectin in the treatment of Covid-19: A pilot trial

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Use of ivermectin in the treatment of Covid-19: A pilot trial

et al. 2021

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“…Nitazoxanide is reported to inhibit inflammation. Apart from this, it also exerts antiviral activity against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus in vitro [ 130 ].…”

Section: Available Repurposed Drugs Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related?

et al. 2021

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Background Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ ) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India is low (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of some spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. Method A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19 and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. Key findings The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro , in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. Significance As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.

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“…Since ancient times in traditional medicine, plants derived flavonoids have been utilized as a source of non-toxic and safe bioactive compounds, to treat several viral infections (Cazarolli et al., 2008 ; Harborne & Williams, 2000 ). Recently, several studies have revealed that many bioactive compounds from different medicinal plants act as promising inhibitors against coronavirus (in review, Siddiqui et al., 2020a , 2020b ). Recently, Surti and coworkers have discovered that Ilimaquinone (marine sponge metabolite) as a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 key target proteins in comparison with suggested COVID-19 drugs (hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, ivermectin and remdesivir) (Surti et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biflavonoids from Rhus succedanea as probable natural inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: a molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach

Lokhande

Nawani

Venkateswara

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has quickly become a worldwide pandemic and generated panic threats for both the human population and the global economy. The unavailability of effective vaccines or drugs has enforced researchers to hunt for a potential drug to combat this virus. Plant-derived phytocompounds are of applicable interest in the search for novel drugs. Bioflavonoids from Rhus succedanea are already reported to exert antiviral activity against RNA viruses. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease plays a vital role in viral replication and therefore can be considered as a promising target for drug development. A computational approach has been employed to search for promising potent bioflavonoids from Rhus succedanea against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease. Binding affinities and binding modes between the biflavonoids and Mpro enzyme suggest that all six biflavonoids exhibit possible interaction with the Mpro catalytic site (−19.47 to −27.04 kcal/mol). However, Amentoflavone (−27.04 kcal/mol) and Agathisflavone (−25.87 kcal/mol) interact strongly with the catalytic residues. Molecular dynamic simulations (100 ns) further revealed that these two biflavonoids complexes with the Mpro enzyme are highly stable and are of less conformational fluctuations. Also, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface mapping on the Mpro structure as well as biflavonoids were utilized for the further lead optimization process. Altogether, our findings showed that these natural biflavonoids can be utilized as promising SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and thus, the computational approach provides an initial footstep towards experimental studies in in vitro and in vivo , which is necessary for the therapeutic development of novel and safe drugs to control SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Research highlights Rhus succedanea biflavonoids have antiviral activity. The molecular interactions and molecular dynamics displayed that all six biflavonoids bound with a good affinity to the same catalytic site of Mpro. The compound Amentoflavone has a strong binding affinity (−27.0441 kcal/mol) towards Mpro. The binding site properties of SARS-CoV-2-Mpro can be utilized in a novel discovery and lead optimization of the SARS-CoV-2-Mpro inhibitor.

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Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 33 publications

References 103 publications

RETRACTED: Use of ivermectin in the treatment of Covid-19: A pilot trial

RETRACTED: Use of ivermectin in the treatment of Covid-19: A pilot trial

COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related?

Biflavonoids from Rhus succedanea as probable natural inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: a molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach

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