Current status and strategies for hepatitis B control in Korea

Cho, Eun Ju; Kim, Sung Eun; Suk, Ki Tae; Jeong, Soung Won; Chung, Woo Jin; Kim, Yoon Jun

doi:10.3350/cmh.2017.0104

Cited by 97 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Completion has increased from 92·9% in 2008 to 99·4% in 2013, and the prevalence of HBV infection in children decreased from 2·6% in 1994 to 0·2% in 2006. 66 HCV infection is the second leading cause of liver disease in South Korea. 67 An HCV screening test for blood donors was introduced in 1991 and transmission via transfusion has not been a major route of infection after 1992.…”

Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

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The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62·6% of global deaths due to liver diseases in 2015. 54·3% of global deaths due to cirrhosis, 72·7% of global deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma, and more than two-thirds of the global burden of acute viral hepatitis occurred in this region in 2015. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused more than half of the deaths due to cirrhosis in the region, followed by alcohol consumption (20·8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 12·1%), and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 15·7%). In 2015, HBV accounted for about half the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the region. Preventive strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease include increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation. HBV vaccination programmes for neonates have been implemented by all countries, although birthdose coverage is extremely suboptimal in some. Availability of screening tests for blood and tissue, donor recall policies, and harm reduction strategies are in their initial stages in most countries. Many governments have put HBV and HCV drugs on their essential medicines lists and the availability of generic versions of these drugs has reduced costs. Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future. The increasing burden of alcohol-related liver diseases can be contained through government policies to limit consumption and promote less harmful patterns of alcohol use, which are in place in some countries but need to be enforced more strictly. Steps are needed to control obesity and NAFLD, including policies to promote healthy lifestyles and regulate the food industry. Inadequate infrastructure and insufficient health-care personnel trained in liver diseases are issues that also need to be addressed in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy response of most governments to liver diseases has thus far been inadequate and poorly funded. There must be a renewed focus on prevention, early detection, timely referral, and research into the best means to introduce and improve health interventions to reduce the burden of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. 168 www.thelancet.com/gastrohep Vol 5 February 2020The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission accounted for 108 276 (8·2%) of the total liver-related deaths in the region in 2015, compared with 929 (1·2%) of 72 437 in the USA and 4032 (0·3%) of 197 179 in Europe. Deaths in the Asia-Pacific region represented three-quarters of the global total number of deaths due to acute viral hepatitis. In 2015, the region accounted for three-quarters of the global total number of deaths related to acute HBV, almost two-thirds of those due to acute hepatitis A infection, and almost 80% of those due to acute hepatitis E infection. Of all deaths du...

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Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, HBV infection is the most common etiologic factor for liver cancer in South Korea . The prevalence of HBsAg positivity in the general population in South Korea was found to be 2.9% since 2013; this statistic has not changed significantly . Since intense chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies such as ALL may induce secondary immunosuppression and lower the immunity against HBV, evaluation of HBsAb after chemotherapy has been an area of interest in survivors of ALL …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in hepatitis B antibody status after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Choi

Lee

et al. 2019

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background Children with cancer may be at an increased risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) when levels of hepatitis B antibodies are reduced owing to chemotherapy‐induced immunosuppression. This study evaluated the changes in HBV antibody status and HBV infections after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Procedure The data of patients with ALL diagnosed between April 2007 and March 2013 were retrospectively collected. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titers were defined as negative at levels <10 IU/L. The HBsAb titers were individually compared before and after chemotherapy. Results A total of 88 patients were included in this study. At the time of diagnosis, 32 (36.4%) and 56 (63.6%) patients were HBsAb negative and HBsAb positive, respectively. The 56 HBsAb‐positive patients were categorized into two groups, namely, group A with 44 patients (78.6%, 44/56) who became HBsAb negative after chemotherapy, and group B with 12 patients (21.4%) who remained HBsAb positive. On multivariate analysis, lower initial levels of HBsAb titers were associated with HBsAb negativity after chemotherapy (relative risk: 1.003, 95% confidence interval: 1.001‐1.006; P = .009). Conclusion This study demonstrated that patients with a low level of prechemotherapy HBsAb titers were likely to become HBsAb negative after chemotherapy. Therefore, evaluation of HBsAb status may be necessary after the completion of chemotherapy in children with ALL.

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“…240 million people globally and has still been the dominant aetiology of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in the Republic of Korea. [1][2][3][4] As persistently high level of HBV replication is associated with liver disease progression, such as development of cirrhosis and HCC, 5,6 replication-suppressing antiviral therapy is currently regarded as a mainstay of treatment. As a matter of fact, primarily owing to the introduction of oral nucleos(t)ide analogous (NUCs), the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has substantially improved within the past two decades, however, the risk of HCC development cannot be completely eliminated.…”

Section: Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv) Infection Affects Approximatelymentioning

confidence: 99%

External validation of the modified PAGE‐B score in Asian chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Liver International

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Background and Aims The modified PAGE‐B (mPAGE‐B) score comprising age, gender, platelet count and albumin was recently proposed to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing antivirals. Here, in the independent cohort, we externally validated the predictive performance of the mPAGE‐B score and compared it with those of conventional HCC prediction models. Methods We consecutively recruited CHB patients treated with lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir as the first‐line antiviral regimen. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Predictive performances of the mPAGE‐B score and other models were assessed with comparison. Results Among 1330 patients, 9.6% developed HCC during follow‐up. The mPAGE‐B score provided the highest Harrell's c‐index (0.769), followed by the GAG‐HCC (0.751), PAGE (0.744), REACH‐B (0.686) and CU‐HCC (0.618) scores. The mPAGE‐B score showed the similar performance to the PAGE‐B and GAG‐HCC scores and the better performance than the REACH‐B and CU‐HCC scores. Cumulative HCC probabilities at 5‐ and 7‐years were 0.0% and 0.0% in low‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score ≤ 8), 6.1% and 10.8% in intermediate‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score 9‐12) and 18.7% and 26.7% in high‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score ≥ 13) respectively (both P < 0.001 between adjacent two groups). C‐indices of the mPAGE‐B score were 0.785 and 0.724 among subgroups treated with entecavir or tenofovir (n = 1011) and with lamivudine (n = 319), respectively, which are overall similar to those of the PAGE‐B score. Conclusion The mPAGE‐B score showed acceptable predictive performances. Compared to the PAGE‐B score, addition of albumin as a constituent provided the marginal benefit.

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Current status and strategies for hepatitis B control in Korea

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Changes in hepatitis B antibody status after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

External validation of the modified PAGE‐B score in Asian chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy

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