Current status of immunotherapies for addiction

Xu, Ashley; Kosten, Thomas R.

doi:10.1111/nyas.14329

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the phase 2 trial NCT00318383 (n = 313), the vaccine was administered using two different formulations and dosing schedules to determine which generated the highest antibody levels. This proof-of-concept-study showed that participants with high antibody response were more likely to abstain from smoking than participants who received placebo [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The phase 2 trial NCT00218413 (n = 51) assessed safety and antibody levels for varying vaccine doses. [27] states "increased abstinence related to Ab titer in phase II proof-ofconcept". Despite the study completion date of August 2006, the published study results were unable to be located [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the phase 2 trial NCT00598325 (n = 74), when compared to previous studies, an additional dose of the vaccine was administered (i.e., six doses instead of five doses). The additional dose resulted in higher levels of antibodies, forming the basis for phase 3 trials [27,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccines intended for treating drug abuse do so through active immunization by inducing the body to produce polyclonal antibodies in response to an antigen contained in the vaccine [1,3,10,12,17,22,[26][27][28][29][30][31]. Vaccines for treating drug abuse typically consist of a hapten, a conjugate protein/macromolecular carrier, and an adjuvant [25,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?

Bloom

Bushell

2022

Vaccines

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Background: Drug abuse is a worldwide problem that is detrimental to public health. The potential for drug abuse extends to both legal and illicit drugs. Drawbacks associated with current treatments include limited effectiveness, potential side effects and, in some instances, the absence of or concerns with approved therapy options. A significant amount of clinical research has been conducted investigating immunotherapy as a treatment option against drug abuse. Vaccines against drug abuse have been the main area of research, and are the focus of this review. Methods: An extensive search using “EBSCOhost (Multiple database collection)” with all 28 databases enabled (including “Academic Search Ultimate”, “CINAHL Plus with Full Text”, and MEDLINE), interrogation of the ClinicalTrials.gov website, and searches of individual clinical trial registration numbers, was performed in February and March of 2022. This search extended to references within the obtained articles. Results: A total of 23 registered clinical trials for treating drug abuse were identified: 15 for treatment of nicotine abuse (all vaccine-based trials), 6 against cocaine abuse (4 were vaccine-based trials and 2 were metabolic-enzyme-based trials), 1 against methamphetamine abuse (a monoclonal-antibody-based trial), and 1 multivalent opioid treatment (vaccine-based trial). As indicated on the ClinicalTrials.gov website (Home—ClinicalTrials.gov), the status of all but two of these trials was “Completed”. Phase 3 clinical trials were completed only for vaccine treatments against nicotine abuse. Conclusion: Evidence in the form of efficacy data indicates that vaccines are not an option for treating nicotine or cocaine abuse. Efficacy data are yet to be obtained through completion of clinical trials for vaccines against opioid abuse. These findings align with the absence of regulatory approval for any of these treatments. This review further highlights the need for novel treatment strategies in instances where patients do not respond to current treatments, and while the search for efficacious vaccine-based treatments continues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?

Bloom

Bushell

2022

Vaccines

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“…Vaccines are a promising approach for the treatment of SUD [ 93 ]. SUD vaccines work by initiating the production of drug-specific antibodies that rapidly bind to the drug of abuse.…”

Section: Nanoparticle-based Treatments For Sudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle delivery systems for substance use disorder

Kasina

Mownn

Bahal

et al. 2022

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Innovative breakthroughs in nanotechnology are having a substantial impact in healthcare, especially for brain diseases where effective therapeutic delivery systems are desperately needed. Nanoparticle delivery systems offer an unmatched ability of not only conveying a diverse array of diagnostic and therapeutic agents across complex biological barriers, but also possess the ability to transport payloads to targeted cell types over a sustained period. In substance use disorder (SUD), many therapeutic targets have been identified in preclinical studies, yet few of these findings have been translated to effective clinical treatments. The lack of success is, in part, due to the significant challenge of delivering novel therapies to the brain and specific brain cells. In this review, we evaluate the potential approaches and limitations of nanotherapeutic brain delivery systems. We also highlight the examples of promising strategies and future directions of nanocarrier-based treatments for SUD.

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Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Drug Interactions and Toxicity

2022

Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics

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Current status of immunotherapies for addiction

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?

Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?

Nanoparticle delivery systems for substance use disorder

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Drug Interactions and Toxicity

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