Current Status of Major Mycotoxins Contamination in Food and Feed in Asia─A Review

Abstract

Mycotoxins can cause genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in humans and animals. Mycotoxins inevitably exist widely in all kinds of food and feed commodities, of which cereals are the most susceptible. In one of the largest cereal producing and consuming regions in the world, mycotoxin contamination causes about 1 billion metric tons of food loss annually, which also influences a serious decline of Asian economic development. This Review is based on three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, including studies that were published in English in the period from January 1, 2016 to October 1, 2022. Results show the current status and control strategies of the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins in Asia. Developed countries in Asia should maintain strict monitoring and establish an effective control system for the whole food production chain, while developing countries should strengthen the prevention and control strategies for mycotoxins.

Pathological consequences, metabolism and toxic effects of trichothecene T-2 toxin in poultry

“…Recent surveys indicate that in Europe, approximately 60 to 70% of all crop samples are contaminated with mycotoxins. In some parts of Asia and America, the percentage exceeds 80% ( Luo et al, 2021 ; Nešić et al, 2023 ; Sun et al, 2023 ). Only a fraction of this contaminated amount, that poses a severe risk, is destroyed, while the remainder is used as food or feed.…”

Development of a Matrix Certified Reference Material for Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut Oils

“…Aflatoxins, derivatives of dihydrofuranocoumarin, are naturally occurring compounds that are produced from the molds Aspergillus flavus. , They could also be easily found in moldy crops. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), with its chemical structure shown in the inset of Figure a, is the most frequent type of aflatoxin and is naturally found in maize and groundnuts.…”

Incidence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Wheat and Corn from Albania

“…Further reports on contamination with Afs, as well as with OTA, in cereals and cereal products from European countries have been published by Binder et al [ 40 ], Serrano et al [ 41 ], Bryła et al [ 42 ], Jakovac–Strajn et al [ 43 ], Alkadri et al [ 44 ], Kirinčič et al [ 45 ], EFSA [ 24 ], Pleadin et al [ 46 , 47 ], Gagiu et al [ 38 ], and Marin et al [ 4 ]. There are several surveys on the occurrence of AFs from other parts of the world reported by Gruber–Dorninger et al [ 48 ], Rodrigues et al [ 49 ], Aasa et al [ 50 ], Ayeni et al [ 51 ], Abdallah et al [ 52 ], Dong et al, [ 53 ], Jiang et al [ 54 ], and Sun et al [ 55 ].…”