Current Therapeutic Strategy in the Nasal Delivery of Insulin: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Abstract

This review discusses the most recent developments in nasal insulin administration technology. Firstly, the structure and physiology of the nasal cavity are introduced. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of nasal administration are discussed. Next, the methods of enhancing nasal insulin absorption and the dosage forms for insulin nasal administration are described. Furthermore, new therapeutic indications of nasal insulin administration were also investigated. Finally, the future development and respective technology of nasal insulin administration are prospected.

Insulin-delivery methods for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

“… 75 However, inefficient permeability of large molecules across the nasal mucosa and rapid mucociliary clearance, resulting in varied bioavailability of the active insulin in systemic circulation, are the drawbacks of the intranasal insulin delivery. 75 – 77 …”

Different Methods and Formulations of Drugs and Vaccines for Nasal Administration

“…Using liposomes or micelles to form protective shells, or adding enzyme inhibitors are feasible methods to increase retention time in the nose, and subsequently enhance absorption [ 12 ]. In addition to the above disadvantages, as shown in Table 1 , nasal drug delivery also has the disadvantages such as irreversible damage to the nasal mucosa caused by the ingredients added in the formula, which is not applicable to all drugs, and is affected by nasal conditions such as allergy conditions [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Nanofiber-based systems intended for diabetes

“…[7][8][9]. Nevertheless, each of these methods encounters with some limitations including poor permeability across the barriers of body, possible allergic or irritation reactions, difficulty to achieve high plasma drug concentration, and low or variable bioavailability owning to degradation by proteolytic enzymes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therefore, using alternative delivery strategies is imperative to prevent limitation/problems and improve effectiveness as well satisfaction of diabetic patients.…”

“…Fig 14. Schematic representation of the experimental design describing (a) methodology to prepare bioactive silk dressings by modifying spider SF proteins on top of SF nanofibrous mats and (b) approach of acting cutaneous wounds in a diabetic rabbit model by silk mats; DM condition was found for 28 days before wounding, mats were replaced after 3 days for 12 days, and groups were accomplished on day 7, 14, and 21 as indicated by (T) in the sketch.…”