Current treatment and recent progress in gastric cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer is not a top-10 malignancy in the United States but represents one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Biological differences between tumors from Eastern and Western countries add to the complexity of identifying standard-of-care therapy based on international trials. Systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy all have proven efficacy in gastric adenocarcinoma; therefore, multidisciplinary treatment is paramount to treatment selection. Triplet chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer is now accepted and could represent a plateau of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy for localized disease. Classification of gastric cancer based on molecular subtypes is providing an opportunity for personalized therapy. Biomarkers, in particular microsatellite instability (MSI), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), tumor mutation burden, and Epstein-Barr virus, are increasingly driving systemic therapy approaches and allowing for the identification of populations most likely to benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Significant research opportunities remain for the less differentiated histologic subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma and those without markers of immunotherapy activity.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Value of SMYD Family Members in the Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of Malignant Digestive System Tumors

“…In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has received extensive attention in a variety of solid tumors and has been regarded as an important treatment method (Kirkwood et al, 2012). For example, the application of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in ESCA, advanced liver cancer, and locally advanced or metastatic GC has achieved good curative effects (Högner and Thuss-Patience, 2021;Joshi and Badgwell, 2021;Kim et al, 2021). Related studies have shown that some SMYD family members are closely related to immune infiltration (Stender et al, 2012;Nagata et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2015), but the underlying immune mechanism in tumors remains unclear.…”

Hypoxia stimulates SUMOylation-dependent stabilization of KDM5B

“…According to the report recently released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, GC remains one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Although multidisciplinary treatment has made big progress 1 , GC still ranked the fth for incidence and the fourth for mortality globally 2 . The understanding of the pathogenesis and development mechanism of GC is attracting considerable attention in order to nd effective therapeutic and prevention strategies.…”

Identifying Benefit Factors Associated With Primary Tumor Resection in Patients With Stage IV Gastric Cancer: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis

“…More than one-third of all GC patients have distant metastasis (stage IV) at diagnosis. The survival time of these patients is short, rarely more than one year, and the treatment options are limited, including palliative chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy [2][3][4] .…”