Current Trends in Concrete High-Rise Buildings

Khan, Fazlur R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-011692-1.50033-x

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…For example, despite only constituting 6% of the volume of concrete in SH1, steel reinforcement constitutes 41.26% of the total EGHGE for the structural system. Such knowledge, which could not be derived from the conventional premium-for-height framework by Khan (1967), is crucial for the improvement of the environmental performance of tall buildings during early stage design. In mitigating the effects of climate change and urbanisation, design frameworks for the structural systems of tall buildings must consider their environmental effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1960s, the Bangladeshi-American structural engineer and architect Fazlur Rahman Khan (1967) proposed a design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings titled premium-for-height. As illustrated in Figure 1, Khan (1967) proposed that the design of tall buildings could be divided into two phases. The first phase involves designing a rigid frame for gravity loads without considering the effects of lateral loads, whereby columns, beams and slabs are proportioned to carry the vertical loads only.…”

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All factors affecting the structural design of the tall building are considered in the second phase, including the effects of wind and earthquake loads, leading to an increase in the size of columns or beams or both in the rigid frame. The second phase, therefore, constitutes the upper boundary of material weight per gross floor area (GFA) and establishes the premium-for-height, defined by Khan (1967) as the increase in material weight per GFA with increasing building height. Ultimately, Khan (1967) argued that the challenge of a structural engineer is to design a structural system that minimizes, and possibly eliminates, the premium-for-height for a tall building.…”

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second phase, therefore, constitutes the upper boundary of material weight per gross floor area (GFA) and establishes the premium-for-height, defined by Khan (1967) as the increase in material weight per GFA with increasing building height. Ultimately, Khan (1967) argued that the challenge of a structural engineer is to design a structural system that minimizes, and possibly eliminates, the premium-for-height for a tall building. This framework is used as the theoretical basis of the extended framework presented in Section 3.…”

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 'carbon spikes' are exacerbated in the case of tall buildings that can have up to 60% more embodied energy per gross floor area (GFA) than low rise buildings (Treloar et al, 2001). This increase in resource use with increasing building height, termed by Khan (1967) as the premium-for-height, is mainly due to the cumulative effect of wind and earthquake loads on the structural systems of tall buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Towards a design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings that considers embodied greenhouse gas emissions

Helal¹,

Stephan²,

Crawford³

2019

Structures and Architecture: Bridging the Gap and Crossing Borders

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proposed an influential design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings titled premium-for-height. Khan argued that the challenge of a structural engineer is to design structural systems that minimise the increase in structural material weight per gross floor area with increasing building height. However, in meeting the challenges of climate change and urbanisation, minimising the embodied environmental flows of tall buildings must also be a priority in structural design frameworks. This paper proposes to expand the premium-for-height framework for tall buildings by considering the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of structural systems using a hybrid life cycle inventory analysis method. Advanced structural analysis and a comprehensive consideration of building parameters are also proposed. To demonstrate the use and potential of the framework, embodied greenhouse gas emissions of six case study tall buildings are analysed. The results are discussed and recommendations are made to improve the reliability of the more comprehensive framework.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Premium-for-height Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Towards a design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings that considers embodied greenhouse gas emissions

Helal¹,

Stephan²,

Crawford³

2019

Structures and Architecture: Bridging the Gap and Crossing Borders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Potentials of hydroactive lightweight façades for urban climate resilience

Eisenbarth

Haase

Blandini

et al. 2022

Civil Engineering Design

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Extreme heat and heavy rainfall events with severe inundations have a significant impact on urban architecture, resulting in considerable personal injuries and material damage. Nowadays, the proportion of façade surface in urban areas with tall buildings is substantially larger than the proportion of horizontal roof or ground surface areas. A high leverage effect on climate resilience and sustainability of buildings and cities can therefore be attributed to the building envelopes. Whereas the majority of existing façades are designed to provide only minor qualities at a district or urban level, research at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart focuses on development of a new type of hydroactive lightweight façades incorporating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. A textile‐ and film‐based façade element called HydroSKIN is capable of providing a retention surface on the envelope of the building. With a minimal amount of embedded mass, energy, and CO2 emissions, the façade add‐on element is suitable for both new and existing buildings. HydroSKIN combines rainwater harvesting (RWH) and run‐off water reduction by retaining the precipitation water that strikes the façade with a time‐delayed evaporative cooling (EC) of the building and its environment.

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The influence of structural design methods on the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of structural systems for tall buildings

2020

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The construction of tall buildings generates a high spatial and temporal concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Research has shown that as building height increases, more resources per floor area are required to withstand the increasing effects of wind and earthquake loads. This has major implications for the environmental performance of tall buildings since the embodied GHG emissions (EGHGE) of structural systems tends to represent the greatest portion of the life cycle GHG emissions of tall buildings.In mitigating the effects of climate change, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been proposed as an early stage design tool to facilitate the choice of structural systems and materials for tall buildings.

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Current Trends in Concrete High-Rise Buildings

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Towards a design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings that considers embodied greenhouse gas emissions

Towards a design framework for the structural systems of tall buildings that considers embodied greenhouse gas emissions

Potentials of hydroactive lightweight façades for urban climate resilience

The influence of structural design methods on the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of structural systems for tall buildings

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