Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials

Moses, W.W.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)00955-5

Cited by 235 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The increase of the unit cell as well as unit volume is in proportion to the content of Gd 3þ ions in crystal owing to the dissimilarity in the ionic radii of cations (Lu 3þ = 0.86 Å , Gd 3þ = 0.94 Å ). The density of the samples gradually decreases from 7.4 g/cm 3 in LSO to a value of 6.6 g/cm 3 in (20Lu-80Gd), the value very close to the density of the GSO system. Structural data, determined for investigated LSO:Dy, GSO:Dy, and LGSO: Dy crystals, are gathered in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

Dominiak‐Dzik

Ryba‐Romanowski

Lisiecki

et al. 2010

Crystal Growth & Design

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The Czochralski growth of Dy 3þ -doped (Lu 1-x Gd x ) 2 SiO 5 solid solution single crystals with different mixtures of Lu 2 SiO 5 and Gd 2 SiO 5 oxides (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) is reported. It was found that the (Lu 1-x Gd x ) 2 SiO 5 crystals retain structural, physical, and optical properties of Lu 2 SiO 5 even for x = 0.8. Optical investigation of Dy:(Lu 1-x Gd x ) 2 SiO 5 revealed that the structural disorder of the host brings about a strong inhomogeneous broadening of Dy 3þ spectral bands while influencing weakly rates of its radiative and nonradiative transitions. Dielectric characteristics of solid solution crystals are presented and discussed. Finally, (Lu 1-x Gd x ) 2 SiO 5 solid solution crystals seem to be an attractive alternative to a Lu 2 SiO 5 host for the design of novel phosphors, radiation converters, and lasers owing to a significantly lower melting temperature and hence easier and less expensive manufacturing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

Dominiak‐Dzik

Ryba‐Romanowski

Lisiecki

et al. 2010

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…ZnO single crystals are also used as substrates for obtaining gallium nitride thin films, since both crystals (ZnO and GaN) belong to the wurtzite structural type and the incommensurability parameter of their lattices along the с axis is 1.8% [3]. Recently, powders, films, and ceramics of zinc oxide have been finding use in the scintillation technique [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and luminescence properties of zinc oxide (Review)

Родный¹,

Khodyuk²

2011

Opt. Spectrosc.

375

190

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Abstract-We generalize and systematize basic experimental data on optical and luminescence properties of ZnO single crystals, thin films, powders, ceramics, and nanocrystals. We consider and study mechanisms by which two main emission bands occur, a short-wavelength band near the fundamental absorption edge and a broad long-wavelength band, the maximum of which usually lies in the green spectral range. We determine a relationship between the two luminescence bands and study in detail the possibility of controlling the characteristics of ZnO by varying the maximum position of the short-wavelength band. We show that the optical and luminescence characteristics of ZnO largely depend on the choice of the corresponding impurity and the parameters of the synthesis and subsequent treatment of the sample. Prospects for using zinc oxide as a scintillator material are discussed. Additionally, we consider experimental results that are of principal interest for practice.

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“…First is the development of new scintillators that combine fast timing decay with high light output and high stopping power (11,12). The advantage of scintillators such as lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) is that they have desirable properties for PET without TOF, so their very good timing resolution should enhance already good performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit of Time-of-Flight in PET: Experimental and Clinical Results

Surti²,

et al. 2008

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Significant improvements have made it possible to add the technology of time-of-flight (TOF) to improve PET, particularly for oncology applications. The goals of this work were to investigate the benefits of TOF in experimental phantoms and to determine how these benefits translate into improved performance for patient imaging. Methods: In this study we used a fully 3-dimensional scanner with the scintillator lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate and a system timing resolution of ;600 ps. The data are acquired in list-mode and reconstructed with a maximum-likelihood expectation maximization algorithm; the system model includes the TOF kernel and corrections for attenuation, detector normalization, randoms, and scatter. The scatter correction is an extension of the model-based singlescatter simulation to include the time domain. Phantom measurements to study the benefit of TOF include 27-cm-and 35-cm-diameter distributions with spheres ranging in size from 10 to 37 mm. To assess the benefit of TOF PET for clinical imaging, patient studies are quantitatively analyzed. Results: The lesion phantom studies demonstrate the improved contrast of the smallest spheres with TOF compared with non-TOF and also confirm the faster convergence of contrast with TOF. These gains are evident from visual inspection of the images as well as a quantitative evaluation of contrast recovery of the spheres and noise in the background. The gains with TOF are higher for larger objects. These results correlate with patient studies in which lesions are seen more clearly and with higher uptake at comparable noise for TOF than with non-TOF. Conclusion: TOF leads to a better contrast-versus-noise trade-off than non-TOF but one that is difficult to quantify in terms of a simple sensitivity gain improvement: A single gain factor for TOF improvement does not include the increased rate of convergence with TOF nor does it consider that TOF may converge to a different contrast than non-TOF. The experimental phantom results agree with those of prior simulations and help explain the improved image quality with TOF for patient oncology studies. There has been considerable advancement of the technology and instrumentation in PET over the last 30 y since the first tomography ring systems were developed. Significant improvements have been made in detectors, hardware, and image processing that impact both image quality and accuracy of quantification. Some of the major achievements include (a) the development and incorporation of new scintillators and detector configurations for higher spatial resolution and sensitivity, (b) the evolution from 2-dimensional (2D) systems with septa to 3-dimensional (3D) systems with larger axial fields of view for improved sensitivity, (c) the transition from analytic filtered-backprojection reconstruction algorithms to fully 3D iterative techniques with data corrections included in the system model for improved image quality and quantification, and (d) the combination of a CT scanner with the PET instrument for both attenuation ...

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Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials

Cited by 235 publications

References 18 publications

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

Optical and luminescence properties of zinc oxide (Review)

Benefit of Time-of-Flight in PET: Experimental and Clinical Results

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Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials

Cited by 235 publications

References 18 publications

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu1−xGdx)2SiO5:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu1−xGdx)2SiO5:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

Optical and luminescence properties of zinc oxide (Review)

Benefit of Time-of-Flight in PET: Experimental and Clinical Results

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Product

Resources

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The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization

The Czochralski Growth of (Lu_1−xGd_x)₂SiO₅:Dy Single Crystals: Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Characterization