Current Trends in the Development of Resistance to Clinically Significant Antibiotics in Salmonella (Review of Literature)

Abstract

Salmonella is one of the leading bacterial pathogens of acute diarrhea as well as foodborne outbreaks. Salmonellosis can occur as gastroenteritis with the development of complications and generalization of infection, also the extra intestinal diseases that require antibiotic therapy are often registered. Currently, the effectiveness of many antibiotics is reduced due to the development of resistance in Salmonella. National Salmonella surveillance systems monitor Salmonella resistance to «critically important for medicine» antibiotics (extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones), as well as multidrug resistance. Quinolone-resistant Salmonella is considered as a high-priority resistant pathogen by the World Health Organization. The article describes the current situation on salmonellosis in the world. Foreign and Russian current data about the leading Salmonella serotypes in different regions of the world are presented. The prevalence of clinically significant resistance depending of the Salmonella serotypes in countries with state monitoring systems is shown. The authors described the leading molecular resistance mechanisms (chromosomal and plasmid mediated) and showed their prevalence in different Salmonella serotypes. The article gives the information about Salmonella successful international multidrug resistant clones with specific resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The authors describe the molecular methods for detection of resistance mechanisms, and show the necessity and significance of antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring in the epidemiological Salmonella surveillance.

Sensitivity of <i>Salmonella Infantis</i> to antimicrobial drugs

“…Микроорганизмы рода Salmonella первенствуют в списке возбудителей массовых вспышек болезней, связанных с потреблением контаминированной пищи. На сегодня эффективность некоторых групп антибиотиков снижена из-за возросшей резистентности микроорганизмов [6]. Нерациональное использование противомикробных препаратов приводит к появлению устойчивых штаммов.…”

“…Базой эффективной терапии заболеваний считается понимание касательно восприимчивости к антибиотику возбудителя, вызывающего инфекцию [11]. Проблема развития резистентности бактерийполиэтиологическая, сюда входят такие аспекты как: ветеринарные, экологические, сельскохозяйственные, а также медицинские, поэтому наблюдение за данным вопросом должно проводиться систематически и комплексно [6].…”

Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated in Siberia and the Far East of Russia between 1990 and 2017

“…This is because current standards do not regulate the antibiogram guidelines for salmonellosis, and empiric therapy is commonly used. An analysis of the available literature, however, shows an increase in the drug resistance of Salmonella strains to antimicrobial agents in different regions of Russia and worldwide due to misuse [ 2 , 3 ]. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the emergence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have increased the need to understand the susceptibility of Salmonella strains that are currently circulating in different countries and their administrative regions to antimicrobial drugs for adequate etiotropic therapy [ 4 , 5 ].…”