Current understanding on diversities of gut microbiota in wild and domestic animals and implication of the knowledge in animal health and production

Abstract

The scientific world became enthusiastic to develop the concept of 'gut health', 'intestinal health', and 'enteric health' specially after the banning of antibiotic growth promoter by European Union in poultry diet. The composition and functionality of the gut microbiome is crucial for the health of livestock and poultry as it helps in the development of intestinal epithelium and modulation of the physiological functions. Thus the intestinal homeostasis i.e. immunity, nutrient digestion, intestinal barrier integrity is maintained. The overall composition of microorganisms dwelling in the gastrointestinal tract is termed as 'microbiome' and due to its beneficial effects on health and well-being of host it has gained lot of attention in recent years. The present review describes gut microbiome composition in livestock and wild animals, effect of host genotype, human interference, environment on the composition of gut microbiome, detection techniques of gut microbiome composition, and implication and use of probiotics improving health and production in domestic animals.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Metabolites From Bioconverted Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Gut Bacteria

“…Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.,andEnterococcus spp. have multiple roles in the human body which stabilize the gastric acid, hepatic bile and digestive enzymes of gastrointestinal tract and it can modulate gut microbiota and microbiota associated metabolic pathways [17].These gut bacteria are predominantly present in both the healthy and diseased person [16]. Therefore, these microbes were used in invivostudy to evaluate the relationship between the gut bacteria and DHA.…”

From the Wild to the City: How Domestication and Urbanization Reshape Animal Gut Microbiome

“…The Shannon values, which indicate microbiome diversity, are significantly higher in this wild setting, indicating a diverse range of microbial species. This diversity not only highlights the host's adaptability to a variety of natural diets and environments, but it also highlights the gut ecosystem's resilience to potential pathogens and external disruptions (Article, 2020).…”