Current view of inflammatory postprosthetic complications of dental implantation and methods of their prevention (literature review)

Abstract

Subject. A literature review was conducted on a current topic in dental implantology – long-term complications of dental implantation of inflammatory nature detected after the placement of prosthetic structures. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze studies that address inflammatory complications in dental implant treatment. Methods: The study reviewed full-text publications in English and Russian that deal with postprosthetic complications of dental implantation. The following search engines were used in the literature search process: Pubmed, e-Library, Cyberleninka by keywords. The time period was designated as 2019-2024. There were 948 publications identified on this topic. Of these, 32 publications corresponded to the purpose of our study. Results. Studies on the prevalence and identification of risk factors of late complications encountered in dental implantation are extremely important for planning complex rehabilitation of patients with partial secondary oral adentia, for understanding the occurrence and progression of these complications. The study of measures to eliminate one of the main causes of these complications, namely the lack of attached keratinized gingiva, will improve the strategy of prevention and treatment of this pathology to improve the quality of life of patients. Conclusions. Current trends in dental implantation require not only achieving implant osseointegration, but also obtaining healthy peri-implant soft tissues to avoid late implant complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. There are many studies describing surgical methods of increasing the volume of attached keratinized gingiva necessary for stable implant functioning.