“…The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the ridership of the Kuala Lumpur monorail service to 4,226,329 in 2021 and 7,143,534 in 2022 [14]. The movement restriction, Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) and Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) implemented by governments across the globe to prevent the spread of the virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic had a similar impact on public transport performance in other countries, such as Italy [17], Slovakia [18,19], Thailand [20], Bangladesh [21], and others [22]. The public avoided crowded spaces, including public transport, due to the fear of contracting the illness.…”