Customized Root-Analogue Implants: A Review on Outcomes from Clinical Trials and Case Reports

Abstract

(1) It is estimated that 10% of the world’s population will need a dental implant in their lifetime. Despite all the advances in the comprehension of dental implant designs, materials and techniques, traditional implants still have many limitations. Customized root-analogue implants are, therefore, gaining increased interest in dental rehabilitation and are expected to not only preserve more hard and soft tissues but also avoid a second surgery and improve patient overall satisfaction. In this sense, the aim of this review was to collect and analyse the clinical trials and case reports on customized root-analogue implants available in the literature; (2) This review was carried out according to the PRISMA Statement. An electronic database search was performed using five databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, and Scopus. The following keywords were used for gathering data: custom-made, dental implants, root-analogue, anatomical, customized and tooth-like; (3) 15 articles meeting the inclusion criteria—articles reporting clinical trials, case reports or animal studies and articles with root-analogue implants and articles with totally customized implant geometries—were selected for the qualitative synthesis. The design and manufacturing techniques, implant material and surface treatments were assessed and discussed; (4) The performance of some root-analogue implants with specific features (i.e., macro-retentions) was successful, with no signs of infection, periodontitis nor bleeding during the follow-up periods.

Additive manufacturing technologies in the oral implant clinic: A review of current applications and progress

“…Due to deviations in precision, some researchers have incremented implant CAD models by dimension percentages (0%, 5%, and 10%) for clinical applications (F. G. Mangano F. G. et al, 2013). Another technique involves laser scanning of the root to construct the final implant after extraction, and design of macroretainers on the implant surface to increase its stability following placement (Dantas et al, 2021). Another class of implants, referred to as patient-matched implants, are less personalized than 3D printed root-analogue implants; for example, some scholars have used 3D printing to generate narrow-diameter implants for patients with insufficient alveolar bone width (F. Mangano et al, 2013b).…”

Biomechanical evaluation of customized root implants in alveolar bone: A comparative study with traditional implants and natural teeth

“…E 1 is in the mesiodistal direction, E 2 is in the buccal-lingual direction, and E 3 is in the direction of the mandible and maxilla. The initial densities of cancellous and cortical bones were set to 0.80 and 1.74 g/cm 3 , respectively.…”

“…Dental implants have been widely used since the 1960s, although preformed implants are becoming increasingly difficult to adapt to the individual conditions of patients with the development of noninvasive and precision medicine. [1][2][3] With novel manufacturing technology, customized root implants (CRIs) based on the anatomical features of teeth can be produced by electron beam melting (EBM). 4 The customized design of the implant and the abutment has reduced the complexity of the prosthetic steps required.…”

“…5,6 In clinical practice, the CRI adapts well to the soft and hard tissues of the patient because it is based on the anatomy of a natural root. 3 Mangano et al investigated the clinical effect of 15 CRIs prepared by direct laser metal sintering and found that there was no loosening or infection in any of the implants at the 1-year follow-up. 7 Liu et al confirmed the effect of porous microstructures on osseointegration of customized root dental implants through animal experiments.…”

Influence of different diameter reductions in the labial neck region on the stress distribution around custom‐made root‐analogue implants

“…In 1992, Lundgren and his research team used titanium to make RAIs, which were tested in a beagle dog experimental model of immediate implant placement and reported bony integration in 88% of the inserted implants [8]. Since then, many researchers have reported the successful use of RAIs in clinical cases [11,15,16]. However, there have also been some cases of failure [17,18].…”