Customized Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitation of Atrophic Jaws: A Consensus Report and Literature Review

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim was to perform a literature review on customized subperiosteal implants (CSIs) and provide clinical guidelines based on the results of an expert consensus meeting held in 2023. (2) Methods: A literature search was performed in Pubmed (MEDLINE) in July 2023, including case series and cohort studies with a minimum follow-up of 6 months that analyzed totally or partially edentulous patients treated with CSIs. Previously, an expert consensus meeting had been held in May 2023 to establish the most relevant clinical guidelines. (3) Results: Six papers (four case series and two retrospective cohort studies) were finally included in the review. Biological and mechanical complication rates ranged from 5.7% to 43.8% and from 6.3% to 20%, respectively. Thorough digital planning to ensure the passive fit of the CSI is mandatory to avoid implant failure. (4) Conclusions: CSIs are a promising treatment option for rehabilitating edentulous patients with atrophic jaws; they seem to have an excellent short-term survival rate, a low incidence of major complications, and less morbidity in comparison with complex bone grafting procedures. As the available data on the use of CSIs are very scarce, it is not possible to establish clinical recommendations based on scientific evidence.

Biocompatibility of Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Changes in the Expression of Osteogenesis-Related Genes in Osteoblasts Exposed to Differently Treated Titanium Surfaces

“…Among the dental implants commonly used, subperiosteal ones are the most suitable in cases of advanced bone loss, atrophic jaws, and inadequate bone grafting, as they are placed directly on the bone surface [ 18 , 19 ]. In this sense, osseointegration is a mandatory mechanism, combined with material osteoconductivity, to ensure a stable connection between the dental implant surface and bone tissue by promoting osteoblasts’ migration and adhesion [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of 3D-Printed Subperiosteal Titanium Implants: A 6-Year Follow-Up

“…Bone grafts, jaw osteotomies, sinus lifts, distractions of the alveolar ridge, zygomatic implants, and barrier membranes are traditionally used in complex reconstructive surgery for dental rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous jaws and alveoli, which is necessary for patients undergoing oncology or post-traumatic treatment [2,6,7]. The main drawbacks, without a doubt, are the long times between treatment initiation and final prosthesis delivery, the high morbidity rate, and the complex and time-consuming procedure [8][9][10].…”

Dentistry and Cranio Facial District: The Role of Biomimetics

“…The thorough digital planning required to ensure the passive fit of the CSI was highlighted as crucial to avoiding implant failure. The consensus report emphasizes that while CSIs are a promising treatment option for edentulous patients with atrophic jaws, available data remain scarce and additional research is needed to establish robust clinical guidelines [7,[9][10][11][12][13]. Lee et al [14] investigated the prophylactic effects of localized biomimetic minocycline and systemic amoxicillin on immediate implant placement in infected extraction sites.…”