Cutaneous eccrine inflammation and necrosis: review of inflammatory disorders affecting the eccrine apparatus including new associations

Shakshouk, Hadir; Johnson, Emma F.; Peters, Margot S.; Wieland, C; Comfere, Nneka I.; Lehman, Julia S.

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2021.08.005

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These changes are attributable to several causative factors, which encompass inflammatory diseases, infections, cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders, trauma, prolonged pressure, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, microwave radiation therapy, and drugs. [34][35][36] In these cases, eccrine gland necrosis could be explained by pathologic changes in the dermal blood vessel. Eccrine necrosis, particularly the secretory portion, is vulnerable to hypoxic damage when vascular compromise occurs, which can result from various factors such as inflammation, thrombosis, or obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations within the sweat glands can exhibit a spectrum of variability, extending from subtle inflammatory infiltration with or without metaplasia to overt necrotic features. These changes are attributable to several causative factors, which encompass inflammatory diseases, infections, cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders, trauma, prolonged pressure, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, microwave radiation therapy, and drugs 34–36 . In these cases, eccrine gland necrosis could be explained by pathologic changes in the dermal blood vessel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases, eccrine gland necrosis could be explained by pathologic changes in the dermal blood vessel. Eccrine necrosis, particularly the secretory portion, is vulnerable to hypoxic damage when vascular compromise occurs, which can result from various factors such as inflammation, thrombosis, or obstruction 34,37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccrine necrosis, particularly the secretory portion, is vulnerable to hypoxic damage when vascular compromise occurs, which can result from various factors such as inflammation, thrombosis, or obstruction. 34,37 Based on the biological characteristics of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, they contribute to tissue regeneration and repair by diminishing inflammatory reactions, fostering cell proliferation, preventing apoptosis, and aiding in the process of angiogenesis. 38 There are still few reports available regarding complications, particularly those related to intradermal exosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin necrosis after intradermal injection of lyophilized exosome: A case report and a review of the literature

Tawanwongsri,

Vachiramon

2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundExosomes have gained attention for their potential in skin rejuvenation. Currently, most exosome products are available for topical administration, and the use of subdermal injection as a route of administration has not been approved.AimsThe purpose of this case report is to describe a case of skin necrosis that occurred following an intradermal injection of lyophilized exosomes.Materials and MethodsWe hereby report a case of a middle‐aged man who experienced adverse effects after receiving an intradermal injection of lyophilized exosomes. Multiple injections of an exosome product were administered to treat enlarged facial pores. Shortly after the injection, the patient felt pain and noticed several dark red bumps. Three days after injection, the lesions transformed into palpable, painful, non‐blanchable purplish papules and nodules, accompanied by central, tiny crusted erosions. The residual product was injected into the upper arm using an intradermal method. Similar lesions also appeared, and a skin biopsy showed necrotic keratinocytes, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and eccrine necrosis.ResultsThere are few reports available regarding complications, especially those related to intradermal exosomes. These complications include multiple foreign‐body granulomatous reactions at the injection sites. In our case, oral prednisolone was administered for a duration of 7 days. After the treatment, the lesions exhibited notable improvement, eventually leaving post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation.ConclusionUtilizing exosomes through unapproved methods should be avoided due to the possibility of adverse reactions that could cause aesthetic issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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