Cutaneous leishmaniasis–Awareness, knowledge and practices among general population in rural and urban areas in Malakand region, Pakistan

Khan, Wali; Khan, Inamullah; Ullah, H.; Zain, Siti Nursheena Mohd; Panhwar, Waheed Ali; Mehmood, Sajid; Ahmed, Shabir; Siyal, G. B.; Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed; Shah, Muzafar; Rafique, Tanzila; Ali, Nizar Bel Hadj; Salim, M.; Hussain, Ahmad

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.238665

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, the vast majority of participants did not know the organism causing the infection. The poor knowledge of the mode of transmission of CL is consistent with the results of several earlier studies [ 15 , 19 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This observation is similar to that made by Alharazi et al [ 21 ], where a significant proportion of their respondents, 74.5%, reported receiving information about CL through their families, relatives, and friends. Meanwhile, in a study conducted on 400 residents of the Malakand region in Pakistan [ 22 ], the knowledge of CL was primarily through teachers and lecturers. Using different sources to address different society categories would be beneficial in increasing awareness of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Among Adult Population in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Alatawi,

Alanazi,

Albalawi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in Saudi Arabia. It is caused by the protozoa Leishmania. The vector is female sand flies. In order to develop preventive strategies to reduce the burden of this health problem, public awareness of the disease should be assessed. Objective This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude toward CL among the adult population in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 385 adult participants of Tabuk between April and May 2022. The investigators assembled the survey questions from peer-reviewed articles with some modifications. Google Forms was used to create the online survey. Social media were used to distribute the survey. Results The study revealed that hearing about CL was much more common among participants older than 61 years and Saudi males. The most prominent sources of information for the participants on which their answers were based were as follows: families and friends, health care professionals, television or radio, and lastly, newspapers. Subjects older than 61 years also showed more knowledge of the risk factors for contracting CL. However, the participants showed overall poor knowledge of the clinical presentation of the disease, which gender or age group was mostly affected, or how the disease was transmitted. Likewise, their knowledge of sand flies was poor. Most participants did not know if CL was a health problem or not. Conclusions The study revealed overall poor awareness of the epidemiological aspects of CL, how it is transmitted, its clinical presentation, and proper management. Our study could help authorities correct the gap in knowledge regarding CL in Tabuk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Among Adult Population in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Alatawi,

Alanazi,

Albalawi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) surveys are very important for assessing the awareness and perception of a disease in a local population. Only a few reports are available regarding the knowledge and perception of the disease in Pakistan [ 26 – 28 ]. These surveys reported a moderate to low level of knowledge about the disease transmission, risk factors, and vectors among the population [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These surveys reported a moderate to low level of knowledge about the disease transmission, risk factors, and vectors among the population [ 26 , 27 ]. Alarmingly, in some areas, the practice and attitudes of the participants were not satisfactory as close to half of the population did adopt any control method [ 28 ]. While in other areas, most of the respondents showed a positive attitude towards disease seriousness and believed in treating the infection with modern medicines [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Ahmad

Obaid²,

Taimur³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by female sandflies. Terrorism and counter-insurgency military operations in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) lead to a large-scale migration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and thus, new outbreaks of several infectious diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred. This study intended to find the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in people with cutaneous lesions suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis in four remote districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to assess the participant’s knowledge, attitude, and practices about the infection and its control. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in four remote districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Karak, Lakki Marwat, Tank, and Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) and a total of 1,674 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Results The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis among the participants with cutaneous lesions was 50.4% and the infection was comparatively more prevalent in district Karak. Among participants, 56.8% were male and mostly, 53.8% were under the age of 16 years with 52.8% living in kutcha houses and were from rural areas. Multiple skin lesions were more common, and the face was frequently affected body part. The ratio of participants with lesions older than a month was higher and the majority confronted infections with blood protozoan parasites for the first time. Most participants were unaware of the signs/symptoms of the disease, basic knowledge of the vectors, anthroponotic spread, preventive measures, secondary infections, and reservoir hosts. The use of wood/animal dung as fuel, closeness with reservoir animals, and no use of insect repellents were some of the notable risk factors. Conclusion Cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in the study area and a very low level of awareness was reported among the participants. This study necessitates the planning and execution of regulations and preventive programs, public health education, awareness campaigns, and disease management practices to overcome future incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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“…In Afghanistan Kabul (14), Herat (15), Balkh, Badakhshan, Kandahar, Parwan, and Kunduz, are the important foci of leishmaniasis provinces (14). Several years ago, Kabul (the capital of Afghanistan) is known as the largest center of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the world (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan form 2020 to 2021

Madadi¹,

Arif²

2023

ghalib

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Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected diseases in several countries, but Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the largest center of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the world. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Kabul during 2021 and 2022. [Methods: The present study was a descriptive-cross-sectional retrospective study. It was done based on the information of patients who visited the NMLCP from January, 21, 2021 to October 29, 2022, for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Required information including age, gender, type, number and location of the lesion, and date of the visit were extracted from the hospital database. Results: The result of this study showed that the highest rate of CL was in 2021 and the lowest was in 2022. Most infected were children. Face lesion was the most common lesion in the patients and most of the infected patients had one lesion while others had more lesions. Conclusion: in this study, we demonstrated that 12,292 people were infected with CL in Kabul in 2021 and 2022. The cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemicity in Afghanistan is mainly due to poverty, lack of access to health services, cultural and social barriers, lack of vector control, destruction of public health infrastructure, poor access to health services, and migration of people from non-endemic regions to endemic provinces.

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis–Awareness, knowledge and practices among general population in rural and urban areas in Malakand region, Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Among Adult Population in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Among Adult Population in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan form 2020 to 2021

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